South African superstar Brenda Fassie (1964-2004) was known throughout the continent as the Queen of Township Pop. She is fondly remembered in the aftermath of the tragic death of reggae icon Lucky Dube in October, 2007.
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PANW Editor's Note: With the tragic death of reggae icon Lucky Dube on October 18, 2007, the world is reminded of the great contributions of other contemporary artists in South African society. Of course Brenda Fassie was one the great cultural figures that touched the hearts and minds of millions throughout the region and the world.
In this article below her life history and musical journey are chronicled. Her music will live on and be recognized for the monumental impact it made on untold multitudes.
Abayomi Azikiwe, Editor
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Brenda, Township Madonna
Originally Published on 24 May 2004
Brenda Fassie, South Africa's undisputed queen of pop, was buried at her birthplace in Langa, Cape Town on Saturday 22 May 2004.
"MaBrrr", as Fassie was known by millions of fans in worldwide, died on 9 May at Johannesburg's Sunninghill Hospital, where she was admitted on 26 April after an asthma attack led to cardio-respiratory arrest. She was 39 years old.
Nelson Mandela and President Thabo Mbeki were among those who visited Fassie as she lay in a coma for over a week, but it was already "Too Late for Mama" - one of many songs that Fassie was famous for.
Fassie was the best-known - and arguably most controversial-figure in South African township pop, scoring a huge hit in 1983 with her debut maxi single "Weekend Special", recorded with her band The Big Dudes, before embarking on two decades of hard living that put The Rolling Stones to shame.
The outspoken Fassie went through drug addiction, divorce, the death of her lesbian lover and more, yet throughout her turbulent life she continued to deliver the goods, becoming the biggest-selling artist South Africa has produced.
'Madonna of the Townships'
Born in Langa township in 1964, the youngest in a family of nine, Brenda Fassie's musical career began at the age of four when, inspired by her pianist mother, she formed a singing group, the Tiny Tots.
By the time she was 14, armed with a power-packed, gutsy voice and determination to match, she had moved to Johannesburg to seek fame and fortune.
Dubbed the "Madonna of the Townships" in a 2001 Time Magazine interview, Fassie emerged at the height of the anti-apartheid struggle in the 1980s to give a voice to marginalised black South Africans.
But while songs like "Black President" told of the destruction of black aspirations under apartheid, Fassie was also capable of getting people dancing across the colour line - a feat she achieved from the start with "Weekend Special" (1983), a funky disco groove which became South Africa's fastest-selling single and a hit on both sides of the Atlantic, making the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart and featuring in concerts in the US, UK, Europe, Brazil and Australia.
Brenda left The Big Dudes in the late 1980s to team up with Sello "Chicco" Twala, one of South Africa's most accomplished musical producers, a collaboration that resulted in the 1989 hit album "Too Late for Mama", which included the hits "Black President", "Shoot Them Before They Grow", "Stay Away From My Man", and "Don't Follow Me I'm Married".
During the 1980s Fassie was involved with Big Dudes band member Dumisani Ngubeni, giving birth to a son, Bongani - now 19 years old.
In 1989 she married Nhlanhla Mbambo, only to divorce him in 1991 amid rumours of physical abuse.
Descent and return
Fassie's life went into a downward spiral after her divorce, and for years she checked in and out of drug rehabilitation clinics, missed gigs, alienated fans, was sued by concert promoters, sank into debt, and finally woke up next to the body of her lover, Poppie Sihlahla, who had died after a drug binge, in Johannesburg in 1994.
The following year, 1996, Fassie made the first of many comebacks, producing her own album, "Now Is The Time", in which she performed two duets with Congolese superstar Papa Wemba.
Her 1997 album "Paparazzi" failed to impress, but in 1998 she teamed up with Twala again on the album "Memeza" ("Shout"), which included the song "Vulindlela" and earned Fassie the South African Music Awards (Samas) award for best-selling release of the year.
"Vul'indlela" ("Clear the path" or "Make way") became a hit through Africa and also earned Fassie the 1999 continental Kora award for best female artist.
Fassie scooped the Samas best-selling release award for the next three years running with the albums "Nomakanjani" (1999), "Amadlozi" (2000) - featuring the hits
"Thola 'madlozi" and "Nakupenda" - and "Mina Nawe" (2001), all produced by Twala.
In 2001 Fassie released "Brenda's Greatest Hits" - also a massive seller - followed by "Myekeleni" in 2002 and "Mali" in 2004.
According to The Star Tonight, "Nomakanjani" sold 525 000 copies, while "Memeza" sold half a million copies. "No other South African artist has ever come close to this record", Tonight notes, "not even top-selling gospel star Rebecca Malope, whose album sales are thought to be closer to the 250 000 mark.
"This means Brenda will take the Best-Selling Album of the Decade award at the South African Music Awards (Samas) at the end of the month."
'I'm a shocker'
Throughout, Fassie continued to stir controversy with outrageous behaviour and a turbulent private life. She openly admitted to being a drug addict and bisexual - taboo in the townships - and her antics, both on and off the stage, made her a regular target for tabloid fodder in the Sunday papers.
Jan Hennop, writing for AFP, recalls a 2001 performance in a club in Washington, DC, during which Fassie's breasts popped out of her costume. "The audience gasped, but Fassie unabashedly grabbed her bare bosom and thrust it at the crowd", Time Magazine said of the show. "This", she proclaimed, "is Africa!"
"I'm a shocker. I like to create controversy. It's my trademark", she once said in an interview.
At the same time, Fassie remained a central figure in the development of township pop, as her music shifted from the "bubblegum" of the 1980s to the edges of the dominant kwaito style of the late 1990s.
Hennop writes: "In the latter stages of her career her voice also matured, as she sang in the 'kwaito' township style - a combination of hip-hop, slowed-down 'house' music with traditional African bass, sung mainly in Xhosa, Zulu and Sotho."
Right up until her death, Fassie was the consummate rock 'n roll survivor, and the outrageous template for musical superstardom township-style.
'What Brenda meant to South Africa'
The Cape Times, in an editorial entitled "Forever young", echoed the sentiments of many of her fans: "Brenda Fassie was many things: immensely talented, tempestuous and outrageous being among them. But she was never boring. Indeed, she has been called a pioneer, a trendsetter and an icon whose passing will leave a huge vacuum in the music industry.
"Farewell, Brenda. You will stay forever young in the hearts of your millions of fans around the world."
ThisDay, in its editorial, "What Brenda meant to South Africa", went deeper: "Whoever tells Fassie's story will remind us that she could sing like no other, and that she gave us music to last a lifetime ...
"Beyond the politics and the music, however, it should never be forgotten that Fassie was always enveloped by a deep sadness ... Could it have been because she had a hole in her soul that all the fame, money and hangers-on could not fill?
"Many of the world's greatest musicians had a similar affliction, and they too died prematurely: Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Kurt Cobain. In all of their lives something was amiss.
"In Fassie's case the causes are not hard to find: she grew up black and a woman in a country that hated black people and women. Though she ended up dying in a luxury clinic in Johannesburg, her childhood was spent in Langa, a rough township on the Cape Flats where not much has changed in the three decades since she left it in pursuit of bigger dreams ...
"For every Fassie who makes it out, who knows how many others are lost to drugs, Aids and general despair? Who knows how a Weekend Special turns out?
"All the politicians who streamed to her bedside during the last week of her life, and who were at her funeral, would do well to consider that perhaps Fassie died of a broken heart."
As Fassie herself once said: "I wanna be loved. I just wanna be loved."
SouthAfrica.info reporter
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