Congo-Kinshasa: DRC Case Against Apple Brings New Hope in Conflict Minerals Crisis

3 January 2025

Radio France Internationale

By Melissa Chemam

As the DRC brings an unprecedented case against Apple, and the company offers assurances that it will no longer use conflict minerals from central Africa, experts are questioning whether real change is on the horizon in illegal mining.

The war over so-called "conflict minerals" is more than two decades old, but the fight to prevent their exploitation by global tech companies is much newer.

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), various armed groups - including both Congolese army and rival armed rebel groups, among them the M23 - occupy mines and trading routes, forcing miners to work for free.

Minerals from these mines, including tungsten, tin and tantalum (often referred to as the 3Ts), have been illegally smuggled through Rwanda for several years, and eventually exported to tech companies such as Apple, Tesla and Samsung.

But after the DRC filed criminal charges against Apple over the use of conflict minerals, there is renewed hope that this illegal mining could be brought to an end.

A criminal complaint was filed earlier in December against Apple's subsidiaries in France and Belgium, where the Congolese government alleges Apple uses conflict minerals laundered through international supply chains - which the American tech giant denies.

DRC files complaint against Apple over alleged illegal mineral exploitation

It is now up to judiciaries in France and Belgium, where the complaints were filed, to decide whether investigations will be initiated, which could set a legal precedent.

Accept Manage my choices Public awareness

For Alex Kopp, senior campaigner on the NGO Global Witness's transition minerals team, the case signals positive change. He told RFI that there has been some progress, at least in terms of public awareness and consensus building.

The United States, France and Belgium say they have put regulations on conflict minerals in place, and the European Union passed a regulation in May 2017 to stop conflict minerals and metals from being exported to the EU, and to prevent EU smelters and refiners from using them.

Brussels lawyer Christophe Marchand said: "These complaints filed against Apple are a matter of great public interest at a time when European countries, consumers and non-governmental organisations are increasing their scrutiny of international supply chains."

But, Kopp added, the regulations "are not sufficiently enforced, and I don't think they've had a real impact on the ground".

He hopes the upcoming Apple trial will create awareness of the need to legislate against illegal mining, and "push the international community to take appropriate measures".

According to the United Nations Group of Experts on the DRC, legitimate public and private players lack the resources to implement the traceability requirements necessary for access to the international market.

They say the EU strategy on mineral supply chain due diligence should include regulation, coupled with practical measures to support transparency, traceability and law enforcement in high-risk and conflict areas.

UN experts call for global system to trace critical minerals

That way, "EU companies and consumers could ensure that their purchases are promoting better governance and economic development in eastern DRC, rather than fuelling war," according to a report co-written by Gregory Mthembu-Salter, a former consultant on conflict minerals due diligence to the UN Group of Experts.

Groundbreaking case

The DRC alleges that Apple bought contraband supplies from its conflict-racked eastern region and from Rwanda, zones in which the materials are alleged to be mined illegally before being integrated into global supply chains.

According to a statement from lawyers representing the DRC, Apple's French and Belgian subsidiaries also deployed deceptive commercial practices in order to persuade consumers that its supply chains were clean.

Apple said in a statement that suppliers were told earlier this year to stop purchasing those minerals from the DRC and Rwanda.

Lawyers for the DRC called Apple's statement vague, but welcomed the company's decision to stop sourcing minerals from the region - although they added that the company's statement about changes to its supply chain will have to be verified on the ground.

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Accept Manage my choices Kigali has dismissed the accusations, which the Rwandan government described as "a repetition of baseless allegations and speculation aimed at generating media interest about one of the world's largest companies".

"This is just the latest move by the DRC government, which constantly seeks to shift attention towards Rwanda with false accusations," spokesperson for the Rwandan government, Yolande Makolo, told news agencies.

A wider issue

According to Kopp, Apple is not alone in these practices. "Global Witness has reported that, along with Apple, Tesla, HP, Nokia, Blackberry, Motorola, Samsung and Intel may also have sourced conflict minerals from the African Great Lakes Region."

Outside Europe, the pressure is also mounting in the US on American companies.

In July, the US State Department issued a statement saying: "The United States remains concerned about the role that the illicit trade and exploitation of certain minerals, including artisanally and semi-industrially mined gold and tantalum, from the African Great Lakes Region continues to play in financing conflict."

It continued: "In many cases, these minerals directly or indirectly benefit armed groups and move out of the eastern DRC through Rwanda and also to Uganda before moving to major refining and processing countries. These supply chains facilitate illicit exploitation and taxation of these minerals, often involving acts of corruption."

Accept Manage my choices DRC's own failings

There is also a lot the DRC's government should do or should have done, Kopp said.

"I'm not referring now to the areas in North Kivu which are occupied by M23 and Rwandan forces, where the Congolese government has lost effective control over its territory, but to other areas in DRC where minerals have in the past been connected to armed conflict."

According to reports from Global Witness, the Congolese army has itself often illegally profited from minerals.

"The DRC hasn't sufficiently implement its regulation how to deal with conflict minerals. DRC officials are running the ITSCI traceability scheme through which conflict minerals have been laundered over and over again over the last decade. Congolese are often involved in smuggling minerals over the border and DRC officials do little to stop them," Kopp told RFI.

Reports demonstrate that the Congolese authorities are in fact using this "scheme that's meant to ensure traceability" to do quite the opposite.

"The ITSCI traceability scheme has been used to launder conflict minerals in DRC," Kopp explains, citing evidence from the Global Witness 2022 "ITSCI Laundromat" report.

"Large amounts of minerals from unvalidated mines, including ones with militia involvement or that use child labour, enter the ITSCI supply chain and are exported, evidence suggests. ITSCI's incident reporting frequently appears to downplay or ignore incidents that seriously compromise its supply chain," it reads.

For the years 2023 and 2024, UN Group Expert reports appear to provide evidence for continued conflict minerals laundering, which Global Witness are in the process of verifying.

Hope for change

For William Bourdon, one of the lawyers representing DRC against Apple, it's a case that should bring hope, tempered with caution.

"It is unprecedented for a company as powerful as Apple to publicly commit to 'cleaning up' the conditions of its mineral sourcing," he told RFI.

"However, we must remain extremely vigilant. Companies sometimes make commitments that excite everyone but fail to deliver. That is why we are calling for Apple to commit to a full process of verification and transparency."

Read or Listen to this story on the RFI website.

Burkina Faso: Two Jailed for Life Over 2017 Restaurant Attack

Security forces stands guard outside the site of a restaurant attacked in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Monday, Aug. 14, 2017

Africa News and AP

Burkina Faso

A court in Burkina Faso has sentenced two people to life in prison over a deadly 2017 attack on a Turkish restaurant in the capital that killed 19 people, officials said.

Two gunmen opened fire at the Aziz Istanbul restaurant on Ouagadougou’s main avenue in August 2017.

No claim of responsibility was made for the attack,

The victims included 10 Burkinabes and nine foreigners.

The restaurant was just 200 metres from a hotel and cafe targeted in an assault in January 2016 that left 30 people dead and 71 wounded.

In March 2018, simultaneous attacks also targeted the army headquarters and the French embassy, killing eight Burkinabe soldiers.

Burkina Faso has been battling a surge of attacks by jihadist armed groups.

Nearly two million of its citizens have been forced from their homes by the conflict.

Deepening Military Partnership for Collective Security

January 2, 2025

Ethiopia, a key player in the Horn of Africa, is actively enhancing its military alliances with neighboring countries like Uganda, Kenya, and other African nations. This collaboration highlights the growing recognition that ensuring regional security is a collective responsibility, especially in a continent facing ongoing threats such as terrorism, armed conflicts, and cross-border instability. Ethiopia’s strategic partnerships reflect a broader commitment to fostering peace, stability, and mutual development across the region.

Historically, Ethiopia has been crucial in promoting regional stability and peace. As one of Africa’s oldest nations and a significant contributor to the African Union, headquartered in Addis Ababa, the country has consistently demonstrated its dedication to continental peace initiatives. Its geographic position, combined with its strong military capabilities, makes Ethiopia an essential ally in security efforts across the region.

The military cooperation between Ethiopia and Uganda has deepened recently, with both nations engaging in training programs and expertise exchanges. This collaboration allows them to share best practices and enhance their operational capabilities, building resilient and adaptable military forces.

Ethiopia’s extensive experience in peacekeeping missions and counter-insurgency operations has been invaluable to Uganda, while Uganda’s expertise in guerrilla warfare and regional diplomacy has enriched Ethiopia’s strategies. This mutual support has strengthened both nations’ abilities to tackle regional crises effectively.

Kenya is another vital partner for Ethiopia, particularly in the context of regional security. The two countries share a long and sometimes contentious border, which has necessitated extensive cooperation to address issues like the movement of armed groups, human trafficking, and the proliferation of small arms. Both Ethiopia and Kenya have recognized that their shared prosperity is intimately tied to the stability of their border region, leading to increased collaboration in military and security matters.

The Ethiopia, Kenya partnership is particularly evident in their joint efforts against extremist groups such as Al-Shabaab. As frontline states in combating this threat, both nations have contributed troops to the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and engaged in intelligence sharing to disrupt terrorist networks.

The porous borders between Kenya and Somalia have long posed security risks, making Ethiopia’s military expertise crucial in supporting Kenya’s efforts to mitigate these threats. Joint military exercises and capacity-building initiatives have further enhanced the interoperability of Ethiopian and Kenyan forces, enabling them to operate cohesively in addressing shared security challenges.

Both countries understand that terrorism knows no borders and demands coordinated action. Additionally, cross-border trafficking of people and goods undermines regional stability and fuels organized crime. Despite occasional disputes, Ethiopia and Kenya have maintained a peaceful coexistence and coordinated efforts that have weakened extremist groups’ operational capacities, although challenges remain.

Ethiopia and Tanzania are forging a robust partnership in defense cooperation, focusing on enhancing military capacity building and technology transfer. It aims not only to bolster their respective military capabilities but also to address and resolve the unique challenges each nation faces. By working together, Ethiopia and Tanzania are demonstrating their commitment to regional stability and international security.

Similarly, Ethiopia has established a strong political alliance with Algeria, engaging in both bilateral and multilateral initiatives. This partnership underscores the significance of military diplomacy, as both nations recognize the need to fortify their defense relations.

By deepening cooperation in military matters, Ethiopia and Algeria aim to enhance their strategic positioning on the African continent and address common security concerns. Strengthening these ties is essential for promoting peace, stability, and development in the region, ultimately benefiting both countries and their populations.

On the other way, Ethiopia’s strong military cooperation extends beyond its immediate neighbors. Partnerships with Nigeria and other countries are viewed as essential for fostering African integration. Both nations face similar security challenges and recognize the importance of deepening their collaboration across various sectors.

This alliance is vital not only for Ethiopia and Nigeria but also for promoting broader peace across Africa as they confront threats like Boko Haram, organized crime, and human trafficking, all of which hinder the continent’s stability and economic growth. Their collaboration serves as a model for regional cooperation, demonstrating the effectiveness of partnerships in addressing complex issues.

Moreover, Ethiopia and South Africa are striving to enhance their bilateral relations within the BRICS framework. Ethiopia is prioritizing collaboration with other BRICS nations and engaging with peer institutions to foster mutual support. Key discussions have focused on establishing partnerships between private enterprises and social development organizations, thereby strengthening ties among BRICS members.

Overall, the Joint military exercises and intelligence-sharing agreements between Ethiopia and its partners have significantly enhanced their readiness to address security threats. By combining military strength, intelligence resources, and development initiatives, these nations are tackling immediate security concerns while laying the groundwork for lasting peace and prosperity. Their collaborative efforts serve as a blueprint for other African nations, illustrating how unity and resilience can overcome daunting challenges.

Additionally, military cooperation has proven effective in enhancing personnel skills, promoting human security, and creating conditions conducive to transitioning societies back to peaceful and stable structures. Ethiopia’s military, with its extensive experience operating in diverse terrains, has become a preferred partner for many nations seeking to bolster their defense capabilities.

These military alliances are instrumental in empowering nations to protect themselves, strengthen ties with allies, and manage conflicts more effectively. By providing essential equipment, military personnel, and necessary resources, these partnerships enable countries to defend themselves against common threats.

Through bilateral and multilateral partnerships, Ethiopia plays a pivotal role in promoting peace and stability across the continent. Despite facing internal and external challenges, Ethiopia remains committed to fostering solidarity and mutual development. Through joint initiatives, intelligence sharing, and capacity building, Ethiopia and its allies are working toward a more secure and prosperous future for the region.

The spirit of cooperation among African nations not only enhances their resilience but also reinforces the principle that regional security is a shared responsibility. Achieving this requires unity, collaboration, and a long-term vision.

As Ethiopia continues to build military alliances across the continent, it is setting a precedent for how countries can work together to address common challenges, ultimately contributing to a more secure and stable Africa for future generations.

BY FIKADU BELAY

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD THURSDAY 2 JANUARY 2025

Abbay Dam Construction Reaches 97.6% Completion

January 3, 2025

ADDIS ABABA – The construction of the Abbay Dam, Ethiopia’s flagship hydroelectric project, has reached a significant milestone, with civil work now 97.6% complete, according to the Dam Construction Coordination Office.

In an interview with the Ethiopian Press Agency (EPA), the Office Director-General Aregawi Berhe (PhD) stated that while the majority of the civil engineering work is finished, the remaining electromechanical work is crucial for the project’s full operational capacity.

He emphasized the importance of the four turbines currently generating power, highlighting that this achievement signifies a crucial step forward not only for Ethiopia but also for its neighboring countries.

The Director-General acknowledged the challenges faced during the project’s development, including external pressures and internal obstacles. However, he credited the unwavering leadership and the strong support of the Ethiopian people for the project’s continued progress.

“Beyond empowering 80% of rural communities with access to electricity,” he stated, “this expansion will facilitate the diversification of light and heavy industries, leading to increased trade, job creation, and accelerated economic development.”

Upon completion, the dam is expected to generate 5,500 megawatts of power, sufficient to drive the country’s economic growth and support electricity exports.

“This project will not only contribute to foreign exchange earnings but also foster cooperation and mutual development among neighboring countries,” he added.

Recognizing the trans-boundary nature of the rivers, Aregawi reiterated Ethiopia’s commitment to continued cooperation with its neighbors to achieve shared development goals.

As the final stages of the project require substantial financial investment, he urged the general public and the Ethiopian Diaspora to continue their unwavering financial and other forms of support to ensure the successful completion of this mega-dam.

BY ASHENAFI ANIMUT

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD FRIDAY 3 JANUARY 2025

Empowering Ethiopia: The Vision Behind 5 Million Coders Initiative

January 3, 2025

Federal government institutions are mobilizing their employees to take the training, and all employees of some institutions are fully participating. In this regard, the entire staff of Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT) and the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute (EAII) are taking the training.

On Tuesday, the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute organized an institutional program to acknowledge the officials and staff of the institute who completed the first round of training of the five million Ethiopian Coders’ Initiative. According to information from EAII, the entire staff of the institute is undergoing the training and has received their first round of certificates.

During his opening remarks at the program, EAII Director General Worku Gachena (PhD) said that the courses included in the five Million Ethio Coders program have a direct linkage with the major objectives of the institute. Worku stated that courses like AI, web programming, data science, and Android development are crucial to realizing the institute’s goals. He emphasized the importance of the national initiative in developing digital literacy and skills for the younger generation, stating that these courses are essential for all staff members to enhance their skills while working at institutions like EAII.

In addition to the officials and staff members of the institute, Worku mentioned that students who are members of AI Clubs established by the institute are also participating in the training with the support and follow-up of EAII. By taking the training, all staff members of the institute have gained valuable skills in the digital sector, which is crucial for fulfilling their institutional tasks and personal activities. Worku encouraged other institutions to mobilize their staff members to participate in the training, as the digital sector is becoming increasingly important across all sectors.

Head of the Prime Minister’s Office and Cabinet Affairs Minister, Alemtsehay Pawlos, attended the EAII program and stated that the five million Ethio Coders initiative will play a significant role in creating internationally competitive and skilled human resources in the digital sector. She mentioned that the Ethiopian Government is working towards realizing the Digital Ethiopia 2025 vision by investing in skilled human resource development and digital literacy. The 5 million coders’ initiative is a national program aimed at achieving these visions, and as the training is freely available to everyone, the younger generation should take advantage of it.

Alemtsehay appreciated the initiative being implemented by EAII and encouraged all staff members to participate in the training, calling on other institutions to follow this exemplary initiative.

Following the launch of the five million Ethio Coders initiative, Ethiopia is investing in creating awareness to inform the public about the program and encourage the younger generation to take part in the training. According to a report from the Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MInT) last week, more than 422,842 people have registered and are currently undergoing online training. In order to mobilize the youth and support regional states in participating in the training, MInT has established a national taskforce, bringing together stakeholders from various federal institutions, as reported last week by the ministry.

During the launch of the national taskforce, Minister of Innovation and Technology, Belete Molla (PhD), stated that over 422,842 individuals are currently participating in coding training nationwide. To further encourage youth participation, especially in regional states and city administrations, the establishment of a federal-level taskforce is necessary.

This taskforce will work with stakeholders from federal institutions and support the activities of regional states in training five million coders. It will also assess the performance of regional states and city administrations in implementing the program, identifying any major obstacles they may face.

The taskforce aims to address these obstacles by bringing them to the attention of the ministry for solutions. Minister Belete emphasized the importance of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s direction, noting the significant number of individuals across the country participating in training on artificial intelligence (AI), web programming, android development, and data science.

While over 422,842 citizens are registered for training nationally, 104,460 have already completed their training and received certificates. Employees of federal and private institutions in the capital have shown strong performance, prompting the ministry to work on extending this success to regional states.

The minister expressed satisfaction with the progress at the national level, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts from all stakeholders at federal and regional levels to achieve the goal of training over five million Ethiopians by 2026.

BY DARGIE KAHSAY

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD FRIDAY 3 JANUARY 2025

Women Involvement Beyond Socio-economic Spheres

January 3, 2025

Despite comprising more than 50 percent of the world’s population, Ethiopia is no exception of course, women continue to lack access to political leadership opportunities and resources at all levels of government. It is also well recognized that women have constituted more than half of the population.

Women’s participation in politics is relevant for all aspects of multidimensional poverty and it is linked to all other areas of gender equality.

Taking this fact into account, The Ethiopian Herald had a short stay with Mihret Mekonnen, a gender specialist graduated from Addis Ababa University, to have a piece of information about the role of women in political participation in Ethiopia though it is not that much magnified as their contribution in socio-economic and cultural spheres.

She said, “True, women’s engagement in political and economic institutions by participating in bureaucracies, policy-making bodies, and representative organizations is of paramount importance in helping the nation making a difference in all aspects.”

As to Mihret, women’s political participation is a key issue for development cooperation as it is both a question of human rights, and a requirement for maintainable growth.

Besides, women’s participation in politics is directly linked to all other aspects of promoting gender equality, combating gender-based violence, boosting women’s economic empowerment, women’s and girls’ human rights, sexual and reproductive health and rights and so forth. For example, economies with greater female representation in national legislative bodies are more likely to pass laws in areas that may hinder women’s economic empowerment and inclusion, including laws on sexual harassment, rape, divorce and domestic violence.

She further elucidated that a more equal distribution of unpaid care work may be both a condition and an outcome of women’s participation in politics. It is a fact that, by most measures, women’s political participation has expanded dramatically over the past years.

“Women’s rights organizations and other civil society actors argue that a broad understanding of women’s political participation is necessary. Women’s participation, leadership in and influence in all areas of society must be taken into consideration, and feminist activism and organizing are core when understanding and taking action to improve women’s political participation,” Mihret said.

Today, as democracy and human rights in general, and women’s and girls’ rights in particular, are under threat in many developing countries like ours and democratic structures are used to strengthen authoritarian regimes, this broad context is even more important to take into consideration.

According to Mihret, the concept women’s participation in politics is used to mark a big focus. However, women’s participation in politics must be understood in the context of and enforced through women’s participation, leadership and influence in all areas of society.

A focus on formal political institutions incorporates the importance of informal institutions and practices, as well as of civil society organizations or social movements. In development practice, efforts to improve women’s participation in politics is not limited to formal politics but must also include support to actors in a society that makes women’s participation in politics possible, including for example women’s rights organizations, she added.

Gender equality reforms and women’s increased participation may, of course, make a difference for women and societies even in authoritarian settings. Even so, however, critical evaluation and caution is necessary. The increase in women’s political participation over the past years is remarkable, Mihret opined.

True, she said, women’s participation in politics – across gender, age, caste, class, disabilities, religion, ethnicity, age and sexual orientation, is both a matter of human rights and a prerequisite for sustainable development. It matters for the eradication of all aspects of poverty—a national pride, indeed!

Strengthening women in politics throughout their lifespan, from young to old, through education and networks and increase access to family planning, sexuality education, and equal care in the world of work, in order for more women to have time and energy for political engagement at all levels, is definitely a viable weapon to come up with a difference in all aspects.

“Efforts to improve women’s participation in politics, and change underlying hindrances such as discriminatory norms and practices, is not limited to formal politics but also includes support to actors that makes this participation possible, such as women’s rights organizations,” she added.

“Besides, identifying and using men allies and up standers for women’s participation in politics at all levels—from husbands, partners, brothers, fathers and friends to ministers and political party leaders. Acknowledging gender quotas is also as important as tools for change towards gender equal participation in politics, and it is quite important as it has long been a good indicator for a democratic move.”

However, it is undoubtedly taken into account that the way they are designed and used, and be aware that they do not always lead to substantial change and cannot be considered a final solution. It is quite significant to be aware that resistance against progress takes many shapes and forms and adjust to context, and recognize and persistently address intimidation, harassment and gendered violence in politics. Yes, she said women are therefore underrepresented in the representative authorities.

She said, “Ethiopia has to motivate political parties to ensure the gender balance during elections by providing additional financial support to those parties that have won seats in parliament and met the gender quota. Political parties that have met the gender quota need to receive additional funds from the budget to finance their statutory activities, and thus are encouraged to involve women.”

She said, “Frankly speaking, intra-party quotas demonstrate the important role of political parties in involving women in politics at various stages. Conducting a gender audit in a party can reveal opportunities for growth in managing branches, as well as show how diversity and the involvement of women can help the party in the political arena. Parties, among other things, can also set up various funds to support women who have children and need help with looking after their children when they are doing party work.”

One should also pay attention to various training and leadership programs for women – for those who are already in office and those who are only planning their political activities. These programs not only teach women how to understand the budget or draft decisions, they also help them create communities, become self-confident, learn the mechanisms of self-defense against oppression, and be more confident and determined, thus playing an important role in the making of women politicians.

To the surprise of everyone said Mihret, “As gender specialists wrote, countries with more gender balance among their politicians often fare better than those dominated by men. And we have to think of how we achieve genuine gender equality in politics.”

Parliaments have a fundamental role in ensuring that their representative, lawmaking, and scrutiny functions work for the benefit of all. Gender equality constitutes by definition an integral part of any society that wishes to respond meaningfully to the challenges ahead, and of any parliament that claims to represent all the people.

Unequivocally, gender equality in politics, as to Mihret, is not only about numbers and equal parliamentary representation but it is also of a decisive step in true gender-sensitive policymaking. The positions that women occupy in parliaments are also indicative of their influence in decision-making and their ability to set the direction of parliamentary work.

“Not only women’s equal participation in decision-making is a demand for simple justice or democracy, but also a necessary pre-condition for women’s interests to be taken into account. Ascendency structures which do not result in the equal participation of men and women, or their equal enjoyment of benefits from state interventions are by definition neither inclusive nor democratic,” she opined.

According to Mihret, attracting women into the party to get the number of votes needed to have influence in party decision making or policy forums is also a vital step and a women’s branch can be a more comfortable place for women entering politics for the first time.

However it is crucial to integrate women’s branch into the structure of the party and define its role, or it will run the risk of being marginalized and powerless. Political parties can also adopt policies and special measures that provide women candidates’ financial assistance during campaigns, and when hold public office. Definitely, as to Mihret, women’s leadership in political spheres is shown to be socially, economically, culturally and psychologically beneficial, and is categorically a matter of women’s right to equal opportunity and access.

BY MENGESHA AMARE

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD FRIDAY 3 JANUARY 2025

Ethiopia is Evacuating Thousands Facing Dangerous Volcanic Activity in a Remote Area

By SAMUEL GETACHEW

4:08 PM EST, January 3, 2025

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) — Thousands of civilians in a remote part of northeastern Ethiopia are being evacuated because of potentially dangerous volcanic activity, officials said Friday.

The evacuations come after steam eruptions have been seen since Thursday from the long-dormant volcano of Mount Dofen, raising fears of a volcanic eruption that could put many people at risk.

Also, volcanic mud flowing from Dofen has caused huge cracks on critical infrastructure, including on major roads, and dozens of properties have been severely damaged in the region of Afar, according to the Afar Region Disaster Risk Management.

The agency said on Friday that the evacuations are precautionary. The residents are being taken to safer areas within the region.

However, Atalay Ayele, professor of geophysics at the Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy, which is based at Addis Ababa University, said the steam eruptions may not necessarily lead to a full-blown volcanic eruption.

Afar is one of Ethiopia’s driest and hottest regions, with a history of volcanic eruptions and frequent earthquakes. The region is also prone to drought, famine and flooding that has forced many evacuations in recent years.

Israeli Warplanes Target Syrian Defense Production Sites

By Al Mayadeen English

Israeli aircraft struck positions in northern Syria, amid the continued aggression on the country.

Israeli military aircraft struck Syrian defense facilities in the eastern countryside of Aleppo, in northern Syria, late on Thursday, Al Mayadeen's correspondent reported. 

The strike which targeted arms production sites came amid a continued Israeli ground aggression on the country. Currently, Israeli occupation forces have advanced to the al-Mantara Dam in the Quneitra countryside, the largest dam in southern Syria. 

Israeli forces have taken control of the buffer zone east of the Golan, including six bodies of water and the Mount Hermon peak. 

Earlier, the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth reported that the scope of the Israeli occupation military's activities in Syria is equivalent to the size of two regular brigades. The report also mentioned an "urgent plan to reinforce control over Syrian Mount Hermon."

The plan involves establishing positions by the technology and logistics division at two levels: one at an altitude of 2,400 meters and another at the summit of the mountain at 2,800 meters.

This will include long-term infrastructure for hundreds of fighters who will occupy the sector, along with supply depots and means of resupply for periods of disruption due to snowstorms, with roads being constructed from the Israeli side.

Zimbabwe: 60 Cases of Cholera Reported in Mazowe

3 January 2025

The Herald (Harare)

By Fungai Lupande

One death and 60 cases of cholera have been reported at Mazowe Flowers Farm compound, where a borehole feeds a single tap without a storage tank, and Glendale Highway suburb where overflowing sewage contaminated shallow wells.

In response, the Ministry of Health and Child Care has established oral rehydration centres in both locations and is conducting door-to-door awareness campaigns focused on health and hygiene and monitoring gatherings and food vendors.

In an interview, the provincial health promotion officer, Mr Takura Mzorodzi, urged councils and responsible authorities to ensure the provision of safe water to communities.

He emphasised that regular refuse collection and the maintenance of sewer systems was crucial in preventing cholera, especially after it was discovered that overflowing sewage was contaminating water sources.

The outbreak began on December 21 of last year at the Mazowe Flowers farm compound. The clustered compound relies on a single borehole with no reservoir tank, connecting only to one tap.

Additionally, the compound has limited sanitation facilities.

Mr Mzorodzi noted that the water supply from the borehole was interrupted due to power supply issues.

Similarly, the Glendale Highway suburb experienced a week without running water.

"This area also has burst sewer pipes, and many residents have shallow wells at their homes. The sewage overflow contaminated the water sources during the rains," Mr Mzorodzi said.

Previously, on December 9 of last year, stakeholder meetings were held to prepare for potential outbreaks before the rainy season.

Currently, both provincial and district civil protection units have been activated to coordinate response efforts.

Mr Mzorodzi assured the province that the Ministry and civil protectin units are working diligently to ensure public safety in the affected areas.

Gatherings, including funerals, will be monitored by health personnel to ensure access to water and sanitation and to regulate attendance numbers.

He urged community members to practice good hygiene, particularly washing hands with running water after using the toilet.

"Individuals will be screened at oral rehydration centres and will receive hydration and proper education on cholera, especially during the rainy season.

"We are also targeting food-selling points, including those selling roasted cobs, to establish handwashing facilities."

Read the original article on The Herald.

Mozambique New President Takes Office On 15 January

2 January 2025

Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo)

Maputo — The Constitutional Council, Mozambique's highest body in matters of electoral law, announced on Thursday that the investiture of the new President of the Republic will take place, as expected, on 15 January.

The brief statement gave no further details - but, if precedent is followed, the ceremony will take place in Independence Square, in central Maputo.

Giving the definitive results of the 9 October general elections on 23 December, the Council announced that Daniel Chapo, general secretary of the ruling Frelimo Party had been elected President with about 65 per cent of the vote.

All the opposition parties have rejected this result, arguing that the elections were marred by massive fraud. The Constitutional Council itself admits that "irregularities' took place, but claims that these did not significantly alter the results.

But in the same ruling, the Council said it had adjusted the results to avoid a recount.

The man the Council regards as the runner-up, Venancio Mondlane, says that, in reality, he won the election, but he has not presented the polling stations results sheets that would prove this.

Mondlane has repeatedly announced that he will be sworn in as President on 15 January. But he is currently out of the country, in an undisclosed location, and has not revealed when or how he intends to return to Maputo.

Burundi Withdraws From the New Peacekeeping Keeping Mission in Somalia

Mokhtar Mohamed / AMISOM Photo / Flickr

Police officers serving under the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) patrol a street in Mogadishu, Somalia, on May 29, 2021.

1 January 2025

Radio Dalsan (Mogadishu)

The government of Burundi says it has completely withdrawn from the African Union Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), citing a significant dispute over the number of troops allocated to the mission.

Burundi in a statement deemed the decision to allocate only 1,041 soldiers to the mission--far fewer than the 2,000 it had requested--as a betrayal by Somalia.

The issue came to light following a letter dated December 26, sent by Somalia's Minister of Defense, Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur, to his Burundian counterpart, confirming the decision which led to the withdrawal of Burundian troops from the operation.

A senior Burundian government official, who requested to remain anonymous, spoke to Ugandan media, criticizing Somalia's decision.

The official described the move as "treasonous" and a betrayal, particularly in light of Burundi's significant contributions to the fight against the Al-Shabaab terrorist group.

Since 2007, Burundi has played an active role in Somalia's security, initially as part of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and later in the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). The country's initial contribution was 5,400 soldiers.

A Burundian diplomat expressed deep disappointment, stating that the Somali decision was insulting, and called for an apology from Somalia.

The new operation, which is scheduled to begin in January 2025, will involve a smaller force of 12,626 soldiers, including 1,040 police officers. Somalia has also confirmed bilateral agreements with contributing countries for the mission.

Finally, Somalia's Deputy Ambassador to the United Nations, Mohamed Yusuf, emphasized the importance of these agreements in continuing the fight against Al-Shabaab, while Somalia's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmed Macallin Fiqi, acknowledged the sacrifices made by Burundi, noting that it will be remembered in Somali history.

Read the original article on Radio Dalsan.

Somalia Rejoins UN Security Council After 54-Year Absence

VOA

Somalia on map

2 January 2025

Shabelle Media Network (Mogadishu)

United Nations — After a 54-year hiatus, Somalia has resumed its role on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), taking up a non-permanent seat for the 2025-2026 term. The announcement was made at the UN headquarters in New York on Thursday, marking a pivotal moment for the East African country in its journey towards international recognition and influence.

Somalia's return to the council was celebrated by both the nation's representatives and international delegates. In a statement released by the Somali delegation, the country reaffirmed its commitment to the principles enshrined in the UN Charter, focusing particularly on peacekeeping and security issues. "Somalia is honored to once again take its place among the nations tasked with maintaining global peace and security," said Somalia's Foreign Minister, Abdirahman Duale Beyle, at a press conference.

The Security Council, which comprises 15 members with five permanent seats and ten elected for two-year terms, plays a crucial role in ensuring international peace and security. Somalia's last tenure on the council was in the early 1960s, shortly after its independence from European colonial powers in 1960. Since then, the nation has faced numerous challenges including civil war, famine, and terrorism, notably from the al-Shabaab militant group.

This re-entry into one of the UN's key bodies comes at a time when Somalia has been making strides in stabilizing its governance and security. Recent years have seen the country hold its first direct elections in decades, implement reforms, and make significant progress in counter-terrorism efforts with the help of AMISOM (African Union Mission in Somalia), now known as ATMIS (African Union Transition Mission in Somalia).

The election to the Security Council was by secret ballot in the UN General Assembly, where Somalia garnered more votes than its competitors for the African seats. This selection not only reflects Somalia's improving status on the international stage but also underscores the importance of regional representation in global peacekeeping efforts, especially in conflict-ridden areas.

Diplomats and analysts see Somalia's return as an opportunity for the country to advocate for issues pertinent to Africa, including conflict resolution, climate change impacts, and the fight against terrorism. "This is a moment for Somalia to step up and show leadership not just for its region but for all developing nations facing similar challenges," commented Ahmed Abdi, a political analyst based in Mogadishu.

Moreover, Somalia's presence on the council could potentially influence discussions and decisions regarding peace operations in Africa, maritime security in the Indian Ocean, and the ongoing issues in neighboring countries like Ethiopia and Sudan.

The term on the Security Council is expected to be both a test and a platform for Somalia, as it navigates its role amidst complex global politics while managing its domestic recovery and development. The international community watches with cautious optimism, hoping that Somalia's experience can contribute positively to the council's deliberations and actions.

Read the original article on Shabelle.

Day Two of the Africa Eco Race

The second day of the Africa Eco Race unfolded with a stage linking Tarda to Tagounite

Africa News and AP

Morocco

The second day of the Africa Eco Race unfolded, linking Tarda to Tagounite, covering a distance of 358 km. Competitors faced typical Southern Moroccan tracks, combining rocky sections with sand. The first dunes of this edition made their appearance.

A tough blow for Pol Tarres

The standout event of the day was the withdrawal of Pol Tarres, who suffered a crash at kilometre 111. The Yamaha rider was found unconscious moments after the fall by Guillaume Borne, who immediately called for assistance. Quickly taken care of by the medical helicopter, the Andorran rider was evacuated with bruised ribs and leg hematomas. Forced to abandon the race, Pol Tarres leaves the Africa Eco Race to begin his recovery.

Motorcycle results: Italian triple win

On two wheels, the Italians dominated the stage. Alessandro Botturi, riding his Yamaha Ténéré 700, took the stage victory, finishing 3 minutes ahead of Jacopo Cerutti (Aprilia), winner of the first special stage and starting first this morning, followed by Francesco Montanari (Aprilia). At the end of this second day, Botturi takes the lead in the overall standings, ahead of Cerutti (Aprilia Tuareg). Guillaume Borne’s impressive performance on his Husqvarna allows him to climb to third place in the overall rankings.

Car results: Benoit Fretin shines

In the car category, Benoit Fretin proved the fastest at the wheel of his Century CR6, also claiming the overall lead. He praised the stage, describing it as “very fast at the start, allowing us to hit the limiter at 168 km/h, which is the imposed limit. A few dunes allowed us to ensure we hadn’t lost our touch, even though we lost 5 minutes due to a small navigation error. The final section was quite rough, likely due to last autumn’s bad weather.” Vincent Vroninks finished second, while Pierre Lafay, winner of the first day, came in third after losing around ten minutes due to a puncture and difficulties in setting up the jack. This podium accurately reflects the provisional overall standings.

Truck category: a close contest

In the heavyweight category, Gerrit Zuurmond took the win with his MAN, finishing five minutes ahead of William de Van Groningen in his Iveco. In the overall standings, the two Dutch competitors are separated by just one minute, promising a fierce competition in the stages to come.

Historic category: Eric and Tom Clayes in the lead

Participants in the historic category covered 180 km in regularity zones. Eric and Tom Clayes stood out, leaving behind the teams of Kurt Dujardin / René Declerq and Fabrice and Magali Morin. Eric Clayes particularly appreciated “the great variety of landscapes encountered today, with vast open stretches and ample space for our machines to perform under superb conditions, with a final ZR that was particularly fast, like a WRC stage.

The second stage of the 2025 Africa Eco Race delivered on all its promises, offering plenty of twists and exceptional performances.

Africa 2024: Contrasting Growth, Shared Resilience

Ndéa Yoka, Business Africa host-producer

Africa News

Business Africa

In this edition of Business Africa, we analyze the resilience of the African economy in 2024, marked by modest growth of 3.6% despite global crises. We also discover Botswana’s innovation with the Inshelve app, which is reinventing transport and grocery delivery. Lastly, we explore the rapid rise of gambling and sports betting in Zimbabwe, offering an economic alternative in a time of crisis.

2024: A Year of resilience for Africa

Despite global shocks, the African economy showed great resilience in 2024. The IMF and the African Development Bank forecast an average growth of 3.6%, supported by economic reforms and recovery after global crises. However, inflation and rising debt remain major challenges.

"Economies that are relatively complex are those that advance quickly." – Samuel Mathey, economist and president of FAFEDE.

Raw Materials: A Growth Driver for Africa

The surge in raw material prices, particularly oil, benefited several African oil-producing countries. These price hikes allowed some countries to export more than they import, fueling their growth. As a result, many African countries diversified their energy sources, notably through oil discoveries and energy projects.

CFA Franc Devaluation: A Controversial Measure

Among the proposed solutions to strengthen economic competitiveness, the devaluation of the CFA franc in the CEMAC zone has been mentioned, as highlighted recently by the IMF. For Samuel Mathey, devaluation could make the currency more attractive internationally, but it would also lead to a loss of purchasing power for local populations. This measure could worsen the situation for citizens already facing internal economic challenges. He warns, "When a currency devalues, the people in the country become poorer."

Outlook for 2025

For 2025, experts agree on the need to strengthen investments and diversify African economies. As Samuel Mathey pointed out, sustainable growth relies on reducing dependency on raw materials and expanding the private sector. Finding solutions to stabilize the currency and reduce economic tensions will be essential.

Gambling in Zimbabwe: Between Boom and Regulation

Gambling and sports betting are experiencing rapid growth in Zimbabwe, offering an economic alternative in a challenging context. In 2024, the industry recorded an 8.5% growth, the highest on the continent, although unauthorized betting has prompted the government to tighten regulations.

Some see this growing industry as a source of employment, despite challenges related to taxation and regulation.

Inshelve: The Taxi Revolutionizing Delivery in Botswana

Joseph Ngaiti, founder of Inshelve Cab Delivery in Botswana, transformed his taxi app into an innovative service that allows customers to shop online and have their groceries delivered quickly. Born out of a personal experience, his idea addresses the real need for easy access to shopping, even without a vehicle.

Ghana Ends Visa Requirements for Africans

Wall art with Ghana's flag

Africa News

Beginning in early 2025, Ghana is allowing visa free entry to citizens of all countries in Africa, after president Nana Akufo-Addo gave the move the green light in December.

It comes after a pledge made by the president at the Africa Prosperity Dialogues; in the president's words, it aims to build ''stronger ties across Africa''.

It's hoped that the new approach will increase tourism, trade and travel to the west African country, as analysts have previously pointed to visa restrictions as a hurdle to these sectors.

The nation used to allow visa free access to nationals of 26 African countries, and visas on arrival for citizens of 25 others. Only travelers from two nations on the continent required the document before visiting.

The decision makes Ghana the fifth country on the continent to allow the entry of all holders of African passports. Rwanda, the Seychelles, the Gambia and Benin have the same policy.

Security Council Welcomes Five New Non-permanent Members

The U.N. Security Council listens to South Korea's United Nations Ambassador Oh Joon during a meeting Monday, Dec. 22, 2014, at the United Nations headquarters.

By Agencies

The Security Council on 2 January welcomed Denmark, Greece, Pakistan, Panama, and Somalia as the five newly elected non-permanent members for the 2025–2026 term.

Speaking at the flag installation ceremony for the newly elected Members, Denmark’s Ambassador Christina Markus highlighted the pressing challenges of today’s world. She pointed to ongoing conflicts, climate disasters, and humanitarian crises as evidence of profound global uncertainty. "The road ahead is demanding," she remarked, "but our unwavering commitment is crucial to addressing these challenges effectively."

Greece’s Ambassador Evangelos Sekeris said his country “looks forward to acting as a stabilising factor, serving as a bridge between the north of the south, the east and the west, while contributing to restoring the true meaning of the principle of the peaceful resolution of disputes.”

Pakistan’s Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmad said, “cooperative multilateralism with the UN at its core is the best way of tackling the multifaceted challenges of today,” and stressed that “we need to earnestly address the root causes of long-outstanding as well as new conflicts, prioritise dialogue and diplomacy, and support confidence building at regional and global levels to reduce tensions, to reverse the arms race and enable an environment conducive for peace, stability and development.”

Panama’s Ambassador Eloy Alfaro de Alba said, “the Security Council played a crucial role in our national history when it held a formal meeting for the second time out of its headquarters in Panama City in 1973, under the able stewardship of our then ambassador to the United Nations, Aquilino Boyd.”

Somalia’s Ambassador Abukar Dahir Osman for his part said, “as a proud member State of African Union, the Arab League and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, we are profoundly conscious of the sacred trust placed in our nation and the weight of responsibility that accompany this mandate.”

The five newly elected countries will join Algeria, Guyana, the Republic of Korea, Sierra Leone, and Slovenia as non-permanent members of the Council.

Fire Engulfs Major Market in Ghana's Capital

A firefighter fights a blaze set by Makerere University students during a riot that destroyed several properties at the university, after management doubled school fees in Kam

By Agencies

A massive fire broke out on Thursday at the Kantamanto Market, a major commercial hub in Ghana's capital, Accra, causing extensive damage to property.

Eyewitnesses reported frantic efforts by people at the scene to extinguish the flames as the blaze spread through the market, reportedly destroying over a hundred shops.

According to local emergency services, the fire started early in the morning, prompting the deployment of 13 fire crews to contain the situation.

A spokesperson for the Ghana National Fire Service confirmed that the fire was brought under control and stated that investigations are underway to determine the cause of the incident.

As of now, no injuries have been reported, and the cause of the fire remains unknown.

Probe into Cybertruck Explosion, New Orleans Ramming Underway

By Al Mayadeen English

The US President said that the New Orleans ramming suspect was inspired by ISIS.

American authorities are probing "any possible connection" between a deadly truck-ramming attack in New Orleans and the Cybertruck explosion near a Trump hotel in Las Vegas, United States President Joe Biden told reporters on Wednesday. 

Biden said that law enforcement is investigating the truck's explosion and possible connections with the New Orleans attack, saying, "Thus far, there's nothing to report on that score."

He also revealed that authorities reported that the suspect behind the ramming attack  posted videos "indicating that he was inspired by ISIS." These posts were made hours before the suspect reportedly rammed a truck into a New Year's crowd in New Orleans. 

"The FBI also reported to me that mere hours before the attack he posted videos on social media indicating that he was inspired by ISIS," Biden said of suspect Shamsud-Din Jabbar, 42, a US citizen from Texas.

As for the Cybertruck explosion, FBI agent Jeremy Schwartz said that the Las Vegas blast was "an isolated incident," adding, "We do not believe that there's a bunch of folks out there supporting this or helping this."

Tesla chief Elon Musk said that the explosion was "caused by very large fireworks and/or a bomb carried in the bed of the rented Cybertruck," adding in a post on X that it was "unrelated to the vehicle itself."

At least one person died and seven were injured in Las Vegas, while another 15 others were killed and 35 people were injured in the New Orleans attack. 

Senegal Says Foreign Military Presence to End in 2025

By Al Mayadeen English

1 Jan 2025 08:16

Senegal's president says that 2025 would see an end to all foreign military presence in the West African country.

Senegal's president, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, announced that the nation plans to remove foreign military forces by 2025.

"I have instructed the minister of the armed forces to propose a new doctrine of cooperation in the field of defense and security, which will entail the end of any foreign military presence in Senegal from 2025," the president was quoted as saying by Senegalese news agency APS on Tuesday.

Bassirou Diomaye Faye stated in November that French military bases on Senegalese soil were incompatible with the nation's sovereignty. Then, in late January, Le Monde revealed that France planned to drastically scale back its military forces in Senegal, Gabon, and Côte d'Ivoire.

Senegalese Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko said last week that the country will soon close all foreign military bases.

In a related context, France has officially handed over its first military base in Chad, a former French colony, as part of the ongoing withdrawal of its forces from the country, both the French and Chadian military announced on December 27.

Chad's military chief of staff confirmed that the base, located in Faya-Largeau in northern Chad, has been transferred, with plans for further updates regarding the withdrawal from other French positions in Abeche and the capital N'Djamena.

It added that the French troops had departed the base in vehicles headed for N'Djamena, approximately 780 kilometers (480 miles) to the South, though the exact number of soldiers was not disclosed.

"The handover took place in accordance with the calendar and the conditions agreed with Chad," the French military chief of staff said separately.

Ivory Coast to Expel French Troops

Ivory Coast has announced the withdrawal of French troops, marking the end of a decades-long military presence in the country. President Alassane Ouattara confirmed that the process will begin in January 2025, with the Port Bouët military base handed over to Ivorian forces. "We have decided on a coordinated and organized withdrawal of French forces," Ouattara said. France currently has up to 600 soldiers stationed in the country.

This decision aligns with similar actions by other West African nations, including Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, where anti-French sentiment has grown. France has faced military expulsions across 70% of African countries where it once maintained a presence. Recent withdrawals include Senegal and Chad, traditionally seen as strong French allies.

The move comes as France attempts to revamp its military strategy in Africa, drastically reducing its troop presence. Meanwhile, countries like Mali and Burkina Faso have turned to Russia for military support, although this has coincided with a rise in extremist attacks and civilian casualties.

Kenya President Ruto Admits Security Abuses Amid Kidnapping Outrage

Kenyan President William Ruto, center, reviews the honour guard after arriving to give the State of The Nation address at Parliament buildings in Nairobi, Kenya

Africa News

President William Ruto has for the first time publicly acknowledged the abuse of power by Kenya's security forces, following a wave of controversial kidnappings that have sparked widespread protests.

In a statement during his New Year’s address on Tuesday, Ruto admitted that there had been “instances of excessive and extrajudicial actions” by security personnel but did not provide specifics.

His comments come after youth-led demonstrations over alleged abductions by security forces, particularly after the violent repression of protests in June and July. These protests, aimed at addressing growing concerns over disappearances, were met with heavy force, including tear gas and mass detentions.

"That said, it is crucial to remember that every freedom has its limits, and public safety and order must always supersede the desire for unchecked liberty," Ruto stated.

Amid ongoing concerns, human rights activists have expressed alarm over what they perceive as the government's failure to investigate these disappearances thoroughly. A recent court ruling demanded that five men who had been reportedly abducted by security forces be freed immediately, or the police must provide an explanation under oath.

However, no one was brought to court on Tuesday, and the police inspector general sent a representative in his place. The families of the missing are growing increasingly desperate.

The latest disappearances predominantly involve young individuals critical of Ruto, including two who shared a controversial AI-generated image of the president lying in a coffin. In his address, Ruto linked these incidents to the rise in digital manipulation, including harmful social media activity. “These are clear signals that our moral fabric is at risk of decay,” Ruto remarked.

Human Rights Watch has pointed to a special security unit composed of several agencies, with the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights reporting seven abductions this month alone, six of which are still missing. Since June, 29 people out of 82 reported disappearances remain unaccounted for, intensifying calls for accountability from both government and security forces.

South Sudan Receives 1.1 Million Vaccines to Contain Cholera Spread

The most affected groups are those displaced from their homes by floods and refugees from Sudan

Africa News with AP

South Sudan received 1.1 million doses of cholera vaccines on Monday as the country battles an outbreak of the disease.

The vaccines, donated by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), arrived in Juba by flight.

"This is supposed to be a two-dose vaccine, but if you take one, you are supposed to get immunity within two weeks, and it can (protect) you for close to six months. Then, if you take the second dose, it can give you protection for up to three years,” said Gabriel Buom Tap, UNICEF Immunization Officer.

The cholera outbreak was declared in October in a border town between Sudan and South Sudan, but it has since spread to six of the country's 10 states.

The most affected groups are those displaced from their homes by floods and refugees from Sudan.

More than 100 people have died in the cholera outbreak, and over 6,000 are currently infected with the disease, according to South Sudan's government.

The government is urging the health sector and other stakeholders to intensify efforts to help contain the spread of the disease.

"I urge the media and civil society to join hands in disseminating information and raising awareness about the importance of vaccination," said Yolanda Awel Deng, Health Minister of South Sudan.

Mozambique Opposition Open to Dialogue Despite Rejecting Election Results

Ferhat Momade/AIM

Opposition leader Venancio Mondlane (file photo)

31 December 2024

Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo)

Maputo — Mozambican opposition parties on Monday declared they are open to dialogue with the government, despite their unanimous rejection as fraudulent of the election results declared a week ago by the country's highest body in matters of electoral law, the Constitutional Council.

At the invitation of President Filipe Nyusi, all the main parties sent their top leaders to a meeting held at the presidential offices in Maputo, at which the President-Elect, and General Secretary of the ruling Frelimo Party, Daniel Chapo, was also present.

The opposition leaders present were Albano Forquilha, of Podemos, which is now the largest opposition party in parliament, Lutero Simango, of the Mozambique Democratic Movement (MDM), Ossufo Momade (Renamo), and Salomao Muchanga (ND - New Democracy).

Chosen as spokesperson for the meeting, Simango stressed that, despite their willingness to talk, the opposition parties would never accept the results declared by the Constitutional Council.

This is hardly surprising, since the Council openly admitted that fraud had taken place during the general elections held on 9 October. After some juggling with the figures, which brought the size of Chapo's majority down from 70 to 65 per cent, the Council claimed that the "irregularities' did not substantially affect the result. But the Council also admitted that it had adjusted the results in order to avoid the need for a recount of the votes.

The opposition parties, Simango said, remain "open to an internal dialogue'. Contacts between the parties would continue in the coming days, and each of the parties, he added, agrees that far-reaching reforms are needed, particularly in terms of governance.

Simango insisted that the dialogue must be "frank, honest and inclusive, and must take account of the need to respect the votes cast by Mozambicans at the ballot box on 9 October'.

The objective of the dialogue, he stressed, was "to establish a new social pact to change Mozambique'.

"We shall do everything for the welfare of Mozambicans', he declared.

In the coming days, formal and informal dialogue sessions will continue. Priority areas for dialogue will be mapped out next week. This almost certainly means that the talks will continue after Nyusi leaves office on 15 January, and Chapo is sworn into office as the new head of state.

Nyusi declared that Mozambicans themselves must seek solution to their problems - but he was open to some form of assistance from international partners.

The obvious problem with the Monday meeting is that nobody was present who could claim to represent exiled presidential candidate Venancio Mondlane. It is Mondlane who has decreed the strikes and demonstrations, which have degenerated into riots dealing crushing blows against the fragile Mozambican economy.

Although Podemos supported Mondlane's bid for the presidency, Mondlane is not a member of this party, and there is no indication that Forquilha can speak for him.

Mondlane has postponed the next phase of unrest, which he calls his "spearhead'. In another of his regular live broadcasts, transmitted from an undisclosed location via his Facebook page, on Monday night Mondlane said this uneasy truce will continue until 2 January.

Maputo, 31 Dec (AIM) - Last week's destruction and looting of shops, warehouses and factories, particularly in the southern Mozambican city of Matola, has deprived 12,000 Mozambican workers of their jobs, according to the Confederation of Mozambican Business Associations (CTA).

The deputy chairperson of the CTA's industry portfolio, Onorio Manuel, told reporters on Monday that rioters had attacked and looted more than 500 companies.

"We are saying that about 40 per cent of the industrial fabric of Mozambique has been vandalised', said Manuel.

In financial terms, the most recent survey showed that Mozambican businesses had lost more than 24.8 billion meticais (about 390 million US dollars, at the current exchange rate). But that calculation was made before last week's massive looting and destruction, and so total losses must now be much higher.

As for employment, "more than 12,000 Mozambicans have no work because of the violent demonstrations', a number that would certainly rise in the event of more rioting.

"Of the 500 companies looted and vandalised, a large number will not be able to recover easily', Manuel warned. "There will be a shortage of goods, and the few products that still exist will record galloping price increases. This will naturally affect the life of every Mozambican'.

The Minister of Industry and Trade, Silvino Moreno told reporters on Monday, after a meeting of the Mozambique-South Africa Chamber of Commerce, that shiploads of foodstuffs and other goods have been stuck in the Port of Maputo because of the difficulties of trucks moving the goods to their intended destinations.

The ships have been held up in the port for several weeks, said Moreno. The goods they are carrying include rice, which is now in great demand, following the looting of warehouses full of rice last week.

"Unfortunately, the goods cannot leave the port because trucks cannot move in this situation of rioting', said the Minister.

Mozambican and South African companies that use the Maputo Logistical Corridor have set up a crisis management group to guarantee the security of the goods leaving the port.

Moreno said that military escorts are now being provided between the port and the Ressano Garcia border post.

SADC Calls for Immediate Peace in Mozambique Amid Rising Tensions

Mozambique News Reports and Clippings

31 December 2024

The Herald (Harare)

By Ivan Zhakata

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has called for calm in Mozambique, where post-election unrest has led to violence, loss of lives and significant economic disruptions.

Speaking on behalf of the regional bloc, Dr Samia Suluhu Hassan, President of Tanzania and chairperson of the SADC Organ on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation, has urged all parties to exercise restraint and prioritise the well-being of the Mozambican people.

"We are deeply concerned by the continued loss of lives, injuries, destruction of private property, and public infrastructure," she said.

President Hassan described the ongoing unrest as a serious threat to Mozambique's stability, cross-border trade and the free movement of people.

The unrest, which erupted following announcement of election results, has escalated in recent weeks, prompting SADC to intervene with an appeal for peace.

President Hassan said the regional bloc was ready to support Mozambique in resolving the crisis.

"SADC calls upon all parties to exercise restraint and refrain from actions that escalate violence and unrest," she said.

"We reaffirm our readiness to assist, through appropriate mechanisms, in facilitating a peaceful resolution to the existing challenges.

"We appeal for an immediate cessation of all hostilities, while reiterating the importance of prioritising the well-being and livelihoods of the Mozambican people."

The violence has not only claimed lives but has also caused severe economic strain, hindering the nation's recovery efforts and regional cooperation.

Read the original article on The Herald.

AU Special Envoy Announces the Beginning of AUSSOM Mandate in Somalia

1 January 2025

Radio Dalsan (Mogadishu)

The new African Union, known as AUSSOM, has today officially began in Somalia, as announced by the African Union's representative to Somalia.

In a statement issued by Mohamed El-Amine Souef, the special representative of the African Union Commission Chairperson, it was confirmed that the new AUSSOM mission started in Somalia as of today, January 1, 2025.

The statement also mentioned that, according to the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2767 (2024), AUSSOM will continue the successes achieved by the previous mission, ATMIS, in order to ensure that Somalia secures lasting peace and security.

This new mission includes Egypt, which has replaced Ethiopia that was part of the previous ATMIS mission, due to tensions arising over maritime disputes.

Egypt is now planning to deploy its forces into Somalia, using air and naval routes, to participate in the mission starting this year.

The African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) officially began on April 1, 2022. It was a transition from the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) with a mandate to support Somalia in its efforts to maintain peace and security, while gradually transferring security responsibilities to Somali security forces.

The contributing countries to ATMIS included: Uganda , Burundi, Kenya, Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti and Sierra Leone.

Burundi which had the largest number of troops announced withdrawal from the new peace keeping mission citing adequate allocation of troops contributing to the new outfit.

Read the original article on Radio Dalsan.

Sudan Conflict - 'There Cannot Be a Military Solution to This War'

Sudan/WFP

Drivers sometimes sleep in the open in between crossing rugged terrain to deliver food assistance.

29 December 2024

UN News Service

Sudan's civil war, which began in April 2023, continues to inflict misery on the country's population, fuelling a massive humanitarian disaster and driving over 12 million people from their homes.

Ramtane Lamamra, the UN Secretary-General's Personal Envoy For Sudan recently travelled to Sudan, where he met senior figures of the Government, including General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Chairman of the Transitional Sovereign Council of Sudan and the Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces.

The Envoy also went to Ethiopia, where he talked to a delegation from the Rapid Support Forces in the capital, Addis Ababa.

Following his trip, Mr. Lamamra shared his hopes for an end to the conflict, and the role of the UN in bringing about peace in the country.

This interview has been edited for clarity and length

UN News What progress was made during your visit?

Ramtane Lamamra I was encouraged by the support extended to my mission and the commitment of Sudanese officials to continue working with the UN and to engage with the Secretary-General's efforts to bring peace to Sudan.

I reiterated the strong will of the United Nations to spare no effort in helping the Sudanese people to end their suffering and to achieve stability, security, democratic governance, and development.

I cannot speak of a particular breakthrough at this point in time. Nevertheless, we will continue working and persevering, with the aim of bringing the parties closer to a peaceful resolution. Our one and only choice is to continue with our endeavours.

UN News Have you met with civil society and women groups and what was shared from them and you during these meetings?

Ramtane Lamamra I engaged with Sudanese civil society actors on several occasions. It is imperative to discuss with the large spectrum of Sudanese political and civilian groups, including women, youth, and marginalized voices. Those are the people who continue to suffer from the intolerable toll of this heartbreaking war.

Ending the unbearable suffering of civilians in Sudan remains a pressing priority, while we endeavour in parallel to stop the war and to launch an inclusive and credible political process.

UN News The conflict has been going on for 20 months with no end in sight, despite the continued efforts from the UN and regional organizations, what needs to be changed to achieve significant progress towards a ceasefire?

Ramtane Lamamra It is time to put an end to this conflict, which has been going on for too long, and to the suffering of the people of Sudan. All actors should put the interests of the Sudanese people first and foremost and realize that there cannot be a military solution for this war. This is the lesson of history in Sudan and elsewhere.

There needs to be a ceasefire that stops the bloodshed, paves the way for a negotiated agreement and a credible, inclusive Sudanese-led political process that preserves the unity of Sudan. Otherwise, the repercussions of this war will be grave for Sudan and the entire region.

I personally cannot resign myself to the notion that the second anniversary of the outbreak of the war next April would come and go without all concerned, including all influential global and regional actors, putting an extraordinary collective pressure on the belligerent parties and their respective supporters to seriously give peace a chance.

Such a long overdue pressure should also be directed at the foreign parties that supply the weapons and equipment, which feed the military illusions and miscalculations of the actors, at the expense of the wisdom and the value of a peaceful solution preserving the unity and territorial integrity as well as the wellbeing of Sudan and its people.

I will continue to engage with all concerned actors to ensure we can move forward towards our common goal. We all have to try our best. The Sudanese people deserve no less.

Read the original article on UN News.

'We Can Only Die Once, So What's There to Fear?' in War-Stricken Sudan, Truck Drivers Persevere to Tackle Famine

Noory Taha for the IRC

There are 14.6 million internally displaced people in Sudan, more than anywhere else in the world. Having been forced to flee their home in Khartoum, Altuma and her children live in this roofless shelter.

30 December 2024

United Nations World Food Programme (Rome)

By Leni Kinzli

In November, World Food Programme trucks finally arrived at the famine-stricken Zamzam camp in North Darfur and other hard-to-reach locations - this is how

Little Ahmed hasn't eaten a proper meal in days. He's lucky when he gets anything to eat at all. Like many here at Zamzam camp for internally displaced people (IDPs) - one of several areas in Sudan where famine was confirmed in 2024 - he survives on leftover paste from the production of peanut oil.

Ahmed and his three siblings are orphans, fending for themselves after losing their parents in Sudan's war. The pangs of hunger, the fear of violence and the struggle for survival have become the norm for them since the conflict erupted nearly two years ago.

But hope is rolling towards him from hundreds of kilometres away. Jamal, a World Food Programme (WFP) security staffer, leads a convoy of aid trucks to Zamzam from Adre in Chad across battle frontlines in war-torn Darfur. Jamal is accompanying drivers determined to get assistance to their compatriots, despite the risk to their own lives. It is a feat WFP has not achieved since April, after conflict, insecurity and rains cut off Zamzam from aid for many months.

"I was ready to go and I felt excited. I was full of intention and dedication to get support to my people there," says Jamal.

It takes a couple of days to get the necessary permissions to secure safe passage onward from Geneina, the capital of West Darfur. With approval documents in hand, Jamal, a crew of drivers and 15 WFP trucks start their long journey to people facing starvation.

Checkpoints dot each leg, with more than 40 stops on the 500 km stretch. Jamal and the team encounter armed men without any leverage except a signed piece of paper with a stamp, and their vital humanitarian cargo. Jamal says the document helps convince the men carrying guns to let them pass safely.

There is no time for fear. "We are used to dealing with this," says Jamal. "At any time we could get shot, kidnapped, beaten or killed. But we can only die once, so what's there to be afraid of?"

For a gruelling two weeks the crew forges onward, across winding dirt roads, up mountains and rough terrain, passing through remote areas that seem to be a no man's land where armed men could jump out of the bush at any moment.

They sleep wherever they find a place to stay and eat what's offered, relying on the generosity of colleagues or communities they encounter along the way. Sometimes, they have to sleep out in the open.

A truck breaks down in Zalingei, Central Darfur, about halfway through the journey across rugged terrain. A spare part - which will take days to arrive from Chad - is needed for the truck to be fixed, so the convoy can continue.

Eventually, the vehicles are on their final stretch from Tawila in North Darfur through the savannah. As the first trucks in many months roll into Zamzam in November, Jamal asks the drivers to slow down. Crowds gather and cheer. Women ululate.

People are smiling. Assistance has finally arrived and, along with it, hope that the world has not forgotten about them.

"It was heart-wrenching to see people crying in desperation or sick because of lack of food - especially women and children," Jamal recalls.

Ahmed and his siblings counted among those the WFP team met. Like thousands of children at Zamzam, the dark cloud of this conflict casts a shadow over their future. The horrors of war and famine have become familiar to them, but convoy leader Jamal is determined to turn that around.

"I felt proud that we made it and to have the chance to help my people. It motivated me to do even more, and I'm ready to risk my life again to help them," Jamal says.

In the past few months, 130,000 people at Zamzam have received support from WFP - via vouchers they can redeem from the local market and now, finally, the direct delivery of WFP emergency packages containing a monthly supply of cereals, pulses, oil and salt.

The significance of starting to open up a regular route for humanitarians to safely deliver assistance to the famine-struck camp cannot be overstated. Jamal is currently making the long journey from Adre to Zamzam with another convoy of food aid - a critical part of getting a constant flow of aid through and turning the tide of famine. Against all odds, he is determined to put his people first.