Wednesday, May 05, 2010

Dismiss the Tea Parties at Your Peril: They're a Force to Be Reckoned With

Dismiss the Tea Parties at Your Peril -- They're a Force to Be Reckoned With

By Adele M. Stan, AlterNet
May 5, 2010
http://www.alternet.org/story/146707/

They're the kooks, the wing nuts, the fringe of American politics -- a tiny but vocal and overexposed remnant of the tattered quilt of conservatism. This is how too many progressives dismiss the Tea Party movement.

They're destined for irrelevance, we tell ourselves -- too crazy to be useful to the Republican Party, so why pay attention? They're all named Billy Bob, they can't spell "socialism," they're uneducated and stupid, and they live far from you and me.

Except they don't.

A lot of them live in the suburbs, in nice houses. And they belong to a movement that, for better or worse, is likely to define the American political landscape for the next six years -- and beyond.

In liberal and progressive circles, that is a controversial assertion, even as examples of the Tea Party's nascent power pop up nationwide. In Arizona, John McCain, a four-term senator and the former presidential nominee of the Republican Party, is on the run in the GOP primary from the Tea Party-backed candidate, talk-show host and former congressman, J.D. Hayworth.

The Tea Party crowd is also backing Arizona's draconian new anti-immigrant law, which empowers local law enforcement to demand proof of citizenship from anyone an officer suspects of being in the country illegally. McCain used to favor comprehensive immigration reform that would include a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. Now, he's running hard to the right, embracing the new law.

Or witness the fortunes of Florida Gov. Charlie Crist, the one-time golden boy of the GOP establishment as recently as June 2009, when he won the endorsement of Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell in the race for Florida's open U.S. Senate seat. But the Tea Party was having none of it because of Crist's support of Obama's stimulus package. Tea Party supporters effectively forced Crist out of the Republican primary in favor of their candidate, Marco Rubio. (Crist announced last week that he will remain in the Senate race as an independent.)

Even so, some liberal and progressive analysts seem in a rush to write off the Tea Party movement, citing its lack of a charismatic leader, its often fantastical claims and the trouble it portends for the Republican Party as reasons not to take it seriously. Yet none of those reasons will undo this movement anytime soon.

Who Are The Tea Partiers?

A New York Times/CBS News poll found that 25 percent of self-described Tea Party supporters reported their income to be in the $50,000 - $74,000 bracket (compared with 18 percent of the general public), while 20 percent claimed incomes of over $100,000 (compared with 14 percent of the general public).

The percentage of Tea Party supporters with college degrees substantially exceeds the percentage of those in the general population (23 percent, compared with 15 percent for the general public), while 33 percent of Tea Party supporters attended college without obtaining a degree, compared with 28 percent of the general public.

On its face, the information on income and education levels among Tea Party supporters is apt to cause some head-scratching, considering the array of conspiracy theories and general sense of paranoia among movement followers.

Reporting for the Nation on the April 15 "tax day" Tea Party protest convened at the Washington Monument by FreedomWorks, a Washington lobbying group, Richard Kim, in an article reprinted on AlterNet, spoke to one protester who was convinced that the government was going to put her on some kind of list for using incandescent light bulbs.

Several days later, I interviewed Stewart Rhodes, the leader of Oath Keepers, an organization whose members count themselves as part of the Tea Party movement, who alleged that the negative publicity he received from Mother Jones and MSNBC's Rachel Maddow was part of a plot the government was launching to discredit his group.

Gun owners who rallied on the monument grounds four days after the FreedomWorks event described themselves to me as part of the Tea Party movement, and spoke of a day, not too far in the future, when the government would go door to door to collect everybody's guns -- despite the fact that the Obama administration has launched no initiative to change gun regulations.

And, of course, there's the mother of all conspiracy theories: the absurd claim, circulated throughout the presidential campaign, that President Barack Obama is not eligible for office because he was born in Kenya. Only 41 percent of Tea Partiers believe the president was born in the United States, compared to 58 percent of the general public (a troubling statistic, given the ample evidence of Obama's birth in Hawaii).

"[T]here is no social science evidence that people who join right-wing movements are any more or less crazy or ignorant than their neighbors," writes Chip Berlet, an expert on right-wing populism, in the Progressive. "While some have psychological predilections for authoritarianism and tend to see the world in overly simplified us vs. them terms, the same predilections can be found on the political left. This is also true with belief in conspiracy theories."

What Is the Tea Party Movement?

One difficulty in assessing the impact of the Tea Party movement on our politics is that different people have different ideas of who comprises it, and indeed, depending on where you live, the signature issues of your local Tea Party organization may diverge from those of a group in the next state, or the next town.

So, who are the Tea Partiers? Are they the middle-aged disrupters of town-hall meetings who turned out last summer to harass members of Congress about health care reform? Is it the guy who turned up outside the site of an Obama town-hall meeting with a gun strapped to his leg? Or the Ron Paul groupies screaming "End the Fed," or the Confederacy-worshiping 10th Amendment boosters? Are they nativists and racists? Are they the religious right dressed up in secular clothing?

The answer: sometimes all of the above, sometimes some of the above, sometimes none of the above.

The Tea Party movement is a coalition of individuals and interest groups who feel threatened by the cultural shift signaled by the election of Barack Obama and the Democrats, a threat compounded by the state of the economy (the very thing that drove Obama into office). The overwhelming majority of its supporters -- 75 percent -- are over the age of 45, according to the New York Times/CBSNews poll.

Participants in the movement repeat mantras about limited government and make much of their veneration of the Constitution; or at least what they deem to be the Founders' "original intent" in the words of the founding document. In truth, the Tea Party movement lacks ideological consistency. Look no further than Arizona's new anti-immigrant law, which arguably violates the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against illegal search and seizure. Or the embrace of Marco Rubio, whose defense of water-boarding and the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay is applauded by his Tea Party supporters.

The film Tea Party: The Documentary, features as one of the movement's "patriots" William Temple, a Revolutionary War reenactor who is often highlighted at Tea Party events, and who turned up at virtually every large-scale event held in opposition to health care reform. Temple, it turns out, is a retired government employee who receives his health care through the federal government.

Jenny Beth Martin, who leads the Tea Party Patriots group in Atlanta, was also featured in the film. She and her husband declared bankruptcy -- a kind of government bailout -- after the couple lost their business for failure to pay their taxes.

The movement initially coalesced around the issue of taxes, with the "tea" in Tea Party an acronym for "Taxed Enough Already." Bailouts of automakers and banks, taken together with the stimulus package, were opposed as a form of taxpayer abuse. These first protests, in early 2009, were small, but their message provided fodder for the anti-Obama Fox Newschannel.

They also provided a base for the corporate-funded lobbying groups, FreedomWorks and Americans For Prosperity, which organized the disparate Tea Party groups around opposition to health care reform, giving us the summer of rage, as town-hall meetings led by members of Congress on the issue erupted, one after another, according to scripts provided by FreedomWorks.

"They largely come from society's 'haves,' who… are rallying to hold onto their wealth, status, authority and autonomy," writes Richard Kim. He cites Thomas Edsall, who, writing in the Atlantic Monthly, observed that the Tea Partiers fear "the competition for resources cannot be resolved by...economic growth," which leads to the notion that any attempt to create a more equitable society will cost them big.

Indeed, Tea Party supporters are twice as likely than the general public to disapprove of Obama's handling of the economy, according to the New York Times/CBS poll, with 91 percent of Tea Party supporters disapproving, compared to 46 percent of the general sample.

While economic insecurity gave the Tea Party movement its raison d'etre, its ferocity derives from the complicating factors of race and culture.

Despite their relative affluence and apparent good fortune, the Tea Party supporters displayed significantly higher levels of racial resentment and anti-immigrant sentiment than the overall sample in the New York Times/CBS poll, and they're more pessimistic about the state of the economy than other Americans.

Compared to 11 percent of the general public, 25 percent of Tea Party supporters said Barack Obama's policies favored blacks over whites, and 52 percent said that "too much has been made of the problems facing black people," compared to 28 percent of the general public. And while 60 percent of all those surveyed named illegal immigration as a "very serious" problem, a whopping 82 percent of Tea Party supporters saw it that way.

Organic or Synthetic, It's Still a Threat

In their assessment of the Tea Party movement, progressive doubters of the movement's likely long-term impact often point to what they see as its inauthenticity, given the involvement of the big astroturf organizations, such as FreedomWorks and AFP, and the involvement of Fox News in spreading the movement's message. They also cite the movement's lack of a central leader as evidence that the Tea Party movement is a mere flash in the pan.

While it's true that the astroturfers are adept at exploiting certain factions of the movement, the Tea Party movement itself is an organic creature, often incoherent and confused in its aims. Grassroots chapters meet in homes and halls far beyond the machinations of the Beltway-industrial complex. Those invested in diminishing the movement's importance point to its lack of organization and lucidity.

But those are exactly the reasons it remains so dangerous: anybody with a paranoid claim that seems plausible in the right-wing universe can pick off a portion of the movement, and with some money and moxie, mobilize a throng of foot-soldiers for his or her cause.

The mobilizer could be corporate-backed astroturfers, the media empire -- which includes Fox News -- of Rupert Murdoch (whose anti-regulatory agenda is furthered by the Tea Party), or a one-note organization such as the so-called constitutionalist Oath Keepers (an organization of people either currently or formerly serving in the armed forces and law enforcement who pledge to defy enforcement of laws they deem to be unconstitutional).

But Mother Jones' Kevin Drum (with whom I usually agree, but not about this) pooh-poohed the size of the Tea Party movement on his blog last month, highlighting observations from a Politico story in which the small size of tax-day demonstrations were noted.

But the Tea Party movement should not be measured simply by how many people turn up at state capitol buildings with wacky signs. Look at the polls: Whether you believe the April New York Times/CBS poll, which charted self-identified Tea Party supporters at 18 percent of the population, or a March USA Today/Gallup survey, which put the figure at 28 percent, it's a movement of significant proportions.

Drum also suggested the Tea Party was virtually a creation of Fox News, which has trumpeted the movement's themes since the first tax day protest on April 15, 2009. But to say its message gets more amplification than it deserves doesn't mean the movement isn't significant.

That very amplification has enlarged the boundaries of socially acceptable political expression, effectively granting people license to publicly channel their fear of change through a previously laughable right-wing filter of conspiracy theories and grievances. In fact, that amplification only serves to grow the movement.

The USA Today/Gallup survey found 37 percent of Americans saying they "approved" of the Tea Party movement. As employment figures continue to lag, that figure could easily grow.

"The argument over spontaneity versus coordination largely misses the point, which is the way that a loose network of groups sustains and encourages opposition to the administration and gives the movement currency and power it would not otherwise have," wrote Michael Tomasky in the New York Review of Books just after the movement's September 12 march on Washington, which was sponsored by FreedomWorks, and partly organized by the 912 Project of Fox News host Glenn Beck. "Money is the ultimate lubricant of politics," Tomasky continued, "and the potential money supply for Tea Parties and other astroturf contributions is virtually limitless."

After attending the April 15 FreedomWorks event at the Washington Monument, Richard Kim wrote off the movement as a poison pill for the Republican Party, unsustainable in its aims for a government so tiny at a time of such great need. In the days that followed, the anti-immigrant law was signed by Arizona Gov. Janet Brewer, a move that will likely hurt the Republican Party in the 2012 presidential race.

Yet, while the movement's demands may hurt the GOP in some electoral contests (even as they help in others), the Tea Party movement is, in the end, not about any one election or election cycle. Right-wing leaders have always been in the game for the long haul, willing to build movements whose triumphs they may not live to see.

The right-wing strategy is not about electoral victories in the short term. It's about building a long-term movement based on raw emotion, fear of change and sentiment. The unifying principle is not internally logical ideology. It's resentment.

And there is no sentiment so imminently sustainable -- or destructive -- as resentment.

Is This Anything New?

In his dismissive take on the Tea Party movement, Kevin Drum writes, "These people have been around forever, and they're always upset when liberals take over. In fact, if there's anything new about the Tea Partiers it's that the movement is smaller, less organized, and less influential than either the Birchers of the '60s or the anti-Clinton wingnuts of the '90s."

There's an inherent contradiction in Drum's claim: They've been around forever, but they're new and disorganized.

The first part of Drum's assertion is fundamentally correct: the right wing has been a persistent strain in American politics, its current form arising from the New Right movement of the early 1960s, which gave birth to Barry Goldwater's failed 1964 presidential bid.

The Tea Party movement per se is not a new movement; it's the latest expression of that same New Right movement -- and it comprises the Birchers and the anti-Clinton wingnuts of the '90s, as well as a host of new recruits. It's all part of a continuum. The John Birch Society is on the upswing after a long, fallow period. The militia movement is again on the march. And many of the participants in these organizations identify with the Tea Party movement.

But never before in our lifetime has the Right taken to the streets. As Tomasky pointed out, that's what makes this time different. Combine that with the very ingredients Drum sees as evidence of the movement's insignificance -- its lack of a central leader, the astroturfing, and the megaphone of Fox News -- and you have the recipe for a powerful force.

With its predilection for authoritarianism, the Right has generally ceded to the Left the defiant tactics of street protests and rallies. But over time, a narrative promoted by such right-wing leaders as Patrick J. Buchanan and Howard Phillips has taken hold, one that demands acts of defiance as proof of one's patriotism: right-wing populism imagined as the story of the American Revolution.

It's a potent theme, one drenched not only in glory, but also in blood. Here's Buchanan, explaining the birth of the American people from a group of British colonies. As South Carolinians or New Yorkers, they were simply subjects of the British crown, he explains. But when they united in opposition to King George III, he writes, they became a new people, "the Americans":

In 1770, New York colonists had erected a statue of George III in Bowling Green in grateful tribute for his repeal of the Townshend taxes. In July 1776, they pulled it down and melted it for lead bullets after Washington read his soldiers the Declaration of Independence portraying George III as another Ivan the Terrible.

That's why the Tea Party's signature description of President Obama and congressional leaders as agents of tyranny is so threatening. Taking down a tyrant -- by any means necessary -- could look, when dressed in the regalia of the American Revolution, like an act of patriotism to a certain type of 21st century "revolutionary."

And don't expect the Tea Party movement to remain disorganized for long. The current Congressional elections will provide the movement its first opportunity to compile voter lists for get-out-the vote activities from its many listservs and Web sites, which will find their way into the right-wing database empire.

Tribalism, Racism, Fear and Resentment

While race may be a catalyst that fueled the ferocity of the Tea Party's response to the 2008 election of Barack Obama and the Democratic majority in Congress, there's a broader dynamic in play, one that encompasses race but is not limited to it.

Tea Party activists rarely speak of race when recounting their grievances; they talk of "culture" -- American culture, of course, which they define by the cultural attributes of a particular type of white heterosexual man, one described as the provider for and defender of his family. He speaks English, may own a gun, and perceives himself as asking nothing from his government but the defense of the nation from invaders.

His self-concept as an exceptionally hard-working, freedom-loving and patriotic man is tied up in the narrative of American exceptionalism, meaning he can brook no criticism of his nation's actions, or evidence of its past or present brutality.

Although, at the ground level, Tea Party groups are often organized by women, the movement is majority male (59 percent, according to the New York Times/CBS poll) and overwhelmingly white (89 percent according to the same survey). Compared to 19 percent of the general public, 53 percent of Tea Party supporters described themselves as "angry about the way things are going in Washington." The Tea Party, at its essence, can be summed up in a subtitle: "Angry White Men and the Women Who Love Them."

At the very moment when a plurality of white men are feeling their claim to entitlement slip away in a devastated economy, the nation elected its first black president -- and not your regular kind of black guy, but a black man with an exotic name, whose father was African. And not just your regular kind of African, but an African doctor schooled at Harvard who married a white American woman.

But race is just one part of it. The Democrats have already elected a woman as their speaker of the House -- and not just your regular kind of woman politician, but one from San Francisco, a virtual Disneyland for gay people and granola-crunchers.

Never mind where that Hillary, with her pants suits and law degree and philandering, draft-dodging impeached ex-president husband fits into this picture.

In other words, if you're a conservative white man, none of these people is anything like you, as far as you can see. Their ascension to power speaks to you of your own diminishment, and the individual's loss of control of his own environment.

Look at it through the eyes of one of these men: Wages have been stagnant for more than 30 years. Over the course of those years, it's become increasingly difficult to "get ahead" in a culture where doing better than your parents is the measure of success, a culture in which the acquisition of stuff is seen as a measure of one's Americanism.

You look around you: some people are making gains relative to their previous position, be they black, Latino, female or gay. It doesn't matter that their previous position was one of disempowerment, or that they haven't caught up to you in terms of income (blacks, Latinos, women) or legal rights (women, gays, blacks and Latinos in Arizona): the point is that they're moving ahead in some way, and you're not.

In a world in which the individual is increasingly marginalized by the power of corporations and financial wizards, white men of the manly-man set have only been able to maintain a sense of their own power, in the face of all evidence to the contrary, by their place at the top of the heap of a citizenry living under the thumb of corporate greed.

Yet, because the so-called "free market" system has been effectively sold to them as part and parcel of the American brand, they must look elsewhere for the cause of their falling fortunes.

Pat Buchanan suggests that Tea Party supporters represent a kind of "[e]thnonationalism"--"that relentless drive of peoples to secede and dwell apart, to establish their own nation-state, where their faith is predominant, their language spoken, their heroes and history revered, and they rule to the exclusion of all others."

Buchanan sees the Tea Party followers as unmoved by charges of racism, but that's not quite true. In fact, they seem quite stung by those charges, seeing their own attitudes about race as based in fact, not prejudice. At the April 15 tax day rally in Washington, FreedomWorks President Matt Kibbe urged the crowd to take action against anyone who turned up carrying racist signs; they were likely only liberal infiltrators, anyway, he said.

"If you see anybody acting bad, I want you to surround them, I want you to ask them to stop," Kibbe said. "If they won't stop, I want you to take their picture, and I want you to post it online."

Yet Buchanan's screed, posted on his blog, drips with resentment over the gains made by African Americans over the last 45 years. But he also sees that success as a recipe for a stronger brew of Tea Party: blacks of disparate backgrounds were brought to America in chains, only to craft a unifying identity out of their oppression, and create a new people: the African Americans. "Black America seems united," he writes. "White America is the house divided, for it is in the womb of white America that this new people is gestating and fighting to be born."

What Buchanan fails to address overtly is the sense of lost privilege that is stoking the drive toward this "ethnonationalism" -- a circumstance that liberals have largely failed to address, as well.

Ye Olde New Right

Go to the Conservative Caucus Web site of Howard Phillips, who worked with Buchanan in the Nixon White House, and you'll find a virtual messaging clearing-house for the Tea Party movement, a clearinghouse that actually existed long before a 21st-century Tea Party was a twinkle in anyone's eye.

In accounts of events convened by Phillips' Conservative Caucus, you'll find speakers such as Ron Paul, the libertarian Texas congressman, and John McManus, president of the John Birch Society. Accepting awards from the Conservative Caucus in recent years were Phyllis Schlafly and Cliff Kincaid, who did much to advance the Obama-as-socialist narrative.

When I interviewed Phillips by phone in November 2008, he said he had just gotten off the line with his good friend and ally, Jerome Corsi, who was in Hawaii, still trying to find out "the truth" about Obama's birth certificate.

Another fixture of the old New Right is Richard Viguerie, who is organizing Tea Partiers to launch primary challengers in state-level and congressional Republican primaries. I last ran into Viguerie, an affable protégé of William F. Buckley, at the Virginia Sovereignty March on the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, which marked the occasion of the delivery of a letter signed by members of the Virginia General Assembly "serving notice" to the U.S. Congress that the state would not enforce federal laws it deemed to be unconstitutional. The event was organized, in part, by Tea Party activists.

A delegation of sovereignty marchers, by their own account, were warmly received by House Minority Whip Eric Cantor, R-Va., in his office, where they were given soft drinks. Two Virginia congressmen, Frank Wolf and Rob Wittman, addressed the tiny throng assembled on the Capitol grounds.

Together with the late Paul Weyrich, founder of the Heritage Foundation, Phillips and Viguerie founded the Religious Right, which launched the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Go to any Phillips or Viguerie event, and you'll find a few dozen people, many of whom seem to be marginal at best. Yet the impact these men have made on American politics as we know it today is undeniable.

The truth, you see, is not always in the numbers. It's in the organizing of small cells of people who change the political calculus in strategically important arenas -- be they school boards in the towns of Iowa and New Hampshire during presidential primary years, or political party committees at the local and state levels.

A Virus in the Body Politic

If cancer is the Right's metaphor, as articulated by Glenn Beck at the Conservative Political Action Conference, for the danger ostensibly posed by progressivism, progressives would do well to envision right-wing politics as a virus.

The greatest danger posed by the Tea Party movement is not what it will achieve in the next election, but in the toll it will take on the body politic over time. I do not fear some third party called the Tea Party. It doesn't work like that.

The Right truly works like a virus, injecting its DNA into the host body, so that the host body becomes overrun with right-wing cells. In our nation's two-party system, the host body is the Republican Party. In a two-party system, the other side wins from time to time. The more infected one party is with the virus of fear and resentment, the more destructive our politics become.

Just look at the Republican politicians scrambling to appease the Tea Partiers. Right-wing leaders won't care much if Marco Rubio loses the general election for Florida's U.S. Senate seat; they'll have served notice to the GOP that stimulus-accepting, Obama-hugging traitors no longer have a place in the party. In a special election earlier this year, the GOP's loss of the congressional seat in New York's 23rd District to a Democrat was actually a win for the Right, when they forced the moderate Republican, Dede Scozzafava, out of the race.

This is just the beginning. It can only get worse from here if the Tea Party movement isn't held in check by vigorous progressive opposition. Ridicule does not equal effective opposition. Dismissing this movement as crazy or tiny or bad news for the GOP won't cure the nation of the threat it poses.

Viruses don't die; they go dormant, sleeping peacefully, often along the spine -- sometimes forever, but often not, drawn to eruption by some stressful event.

Every time the Right recedes into the core of the nervous system of the body politic, progressives and liberals gleefully declare it dead, only to see it resurface in a more destructive form.

What's a Progressive to Do?

To halt the destruction that would follow in the wake of a successful Tea Party movement, progressives need to do two big things: thwart the growth of the Tea Party movement, and organize as a counter-force.

To hold the growth of the Tea Party movement in check, progressives will need to be strategic in their messaging, making arguments for enlightened self-interest to suburban white men for progressive causes, and framing as much as possible in economic terms.

Compared to the Right, the Left is at a serious structural disadvantage that will require creativity to overcome.

There is no natural big-money sponsor for progressive causes on the scale of the corporate giants the Right is able to call upon to fill its coffers. We rely on the good graces of fair-minded donors of means, and the small contributions of average citizens. Consequently, the funding model of the Left encourages the kind of balkanization I describe above, a model driven by primarily by the funding of individual issues and projects rather than an overall vision.

There is no progressive counterpart to the Fox NewsChannel. The hosts of MSNBC do an admirable job offering a liberal critique of American politics, but they are not organizers in the way that Glenn Beck and Sean Hannity of Fox News are -- nor would they likely choose to be. Fox News is a vanity project for Rupert Murdoch, the chairman of its parent company, News Corporation, who can decide it's worth his while to let the "Glenn Beck Show" lose money in order to advance his own anti-regulatory agenda.

MSNBC, on the other hand, is designed as a profit center for parent company General Electric. Its liberal identity is the result of market research that revealed a void in the cable news universe for progressives and liberals who wanted a news channel of their own.

While the Left currently has a more sophisticated and diverse range of options for information consumption on the Internet, those outlets reach mostly people like us. Meanwhile, progressive ideas and issues rarely appear on the op-ed pages of newspapers, which are still read by the very demographic targeted by the Tea Party movement.

As Paul Waldman and his Media Matters research team documented in 2007, of the top 10 syndicated newspaper columnists in the nation, five are conservatives, and only three are progressives. In 38 states, the Media Matters team found, the reach of the conservative voice on newspaper op-ed pages dominated. A wise funder might put her dollars behind a syndicate of liberal columnists whose content would be provided free of charge to starving newspapers.

Since the 2008 election, the various components of the progressive/liberal coalition have gone back to their respective corners to work on their specific issues. The Tea Party, however, is less divided by individual issues. Gun enthusiasts, constitutional originalists and anti-tax groups all came together to oppose health care reform.

To thwart the Tea Party movement from making further inroads, progressives have to re-coalesce not just around elections, but around issues. Immigration reform needs to become the issue of gay-rights activists and feminists. Women's rights need to be advanced by environmentalists and labor unions. Racial equality, energy reform, Wall Street reform -- these all have to become everybody's issues at some level.

But perhaps the hardest thing of all that progressives will have to do to defeat the Tea Party movement is to stop defining all of its members as extremists, racists and conspiracy nuts. I've fallen victim, at times, to the temptation "wing-nut" rhetoric myself. But as Chip Berlet points out, that allows centrists to put themselves forward as the nation's savior, by equating the worst of the Right's rhetoric with the ridicule that comes from the Left. And when we ridicule the Tea Partiers, we only alienate the fence-sitters who may see more resemblance between themselves and Tea Party followers than they do with us.

The bottom line is this: We dismiss the potential impact of the Tea Party movement at our peril.

Adele M. Stan is AlterNet's Washington bureau chief.

Amount of Oil Spill Could Escalate, Company Admits

May 4, 2010

Amount of Spill Could Escalate, Company Admits

By JOHN M. BRODER, CAMPBELL ROBERTSON and CLIFFORD KRAUSS
New York Times

WASHINGTON — In a closed-door briefing for members of Congress, a senior BP executive conceded Tuesday that the ruptured oil well in the Gulf of Mexico could conceivably spill as much as 60,000 barrels a day of oil, more than 10 times the estimate of the current flow.

The scope of the problem has grown drastically since the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded and sank into the gulf. Now, the discussion with BP on Capitol Hill is certain to intensify pressure on the company, which is facing a crisis similar to what the Toyota Motor Company had with uncontrolled acceleration — despite its efforts to control the damage to its reputation as a corporate citizen, the problem may be worsening.

Amid growing uncertainty about the extent of the leak, and when it might be stanched, pressure on BP intensified on multiple fronts Tuesday, from increasingly frustrated residents of the Gulf Coast to federal, state and local officials demanding more from the company.

The company considered a broad advertising campaign, but top BP executives rejected the idea before planning even started. “In our view, the big glossy expressions of regret don’t have a lot of credibility,” said Andrew Gowers, a BP spokesman.

Instead, the company has dispatched executives to hold town meetings in the affected region, and it has turned to lower-profile social media outlets to trumpet its cleanup efforts and moves to organize volunteers.

The Senate energy committee has summoned executives from BP and Transocean Ltd., the rig operator, as well as a number of oil industry technical experts to a hearing next week. The next day, the oversight and investigations subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee will hold a hearing, to which top executives of BP, Transocean and Halliburton have been asked to appear, a committee spokeswoman said.

That panel, which will look at the possible problems leading to explosions on the rig as well as the adequacy of containment and cleanup measures, would probably be the first of several, Representative Bart Stupak, Democrat of Michigan, the subcommittee chairman, said in a statement.

A separate federal investigation into the explosion is under way by the Coast Guard and the Minerals Management Service.

At Tuesday’s briefing, David Rainey, the BP vice president for Gulf of Mexico production, said the company was employing a variety of untried techniques to stanch the oil gushing from the well 5,000 feet below the surface.

At the briefing, Mr. Rainey and officials from Transocean and from Halliburton, which was providing cementing services on the platform, also acknowledged that they did not know how likely it was that oil from the spill would be caught up in the so-called loop currents in the gulf and be carried through the Florida Keys into the Atlantic Ocean. “What we heard today from BP, Halliburton and Transocean were a lot of worst-case scenarios without any best-case solutions,” said Representative Edward J. Markey, Democrat of Massachusetts, who leads the Energy and Environment Subcommittee of the House energy panel.

Federal officials have raised the possibility of a leak of more than 100,000 barrels a day if the well were to flow unchecked, but the chances of that situation occurring were unclear.

Also on Tuesday, the company’s chief executive, Tony Hayward, told Senator Bill Nelson, Democrat of Florida, that the spill would clearly cause more than $75 million in economic damage, the current cap on liability for drilling accidents.

Mr. Nelson and the two Democratic senators from New Jersey, Frank R. Lautenberg and Robert Menendez, have introduced legislation to raise that cap to $10 billion, and to make sure that the new limit applies to this spill.

While BP continues to acknowledge its responsibility to shut off and clean up the oil, it is being barraged by government officials and civil lawyers who are redoubling efforts to ensure that the company’s legal obligations are clearly defined and strictly enforced.

Attorneys general from the five Gulf Coast states have been drafting a letter to BP that will lay out demands. In the letter, they are expected to urge BP specifically to define what is meant by its repeated statement that it intends to pay “legitimate” claims, a term Attorney General Troy King of Alabama said was unacceptably nebulous.

They are also expected to press for a fund to begin paying out claims to state and local governments and to residents.

The attorneys general asked for the creation of such a fund in a meeting with BP officials on Sunday, and the next day BP announced that $25 million block grants were going to the four states most likely to be affected to help begin their efforts to prepare. But, Mr. King said, “that’s not going to be enough.”

For now, weather patterns seem to be holding the giant oil slick offshore, and are expected to do so for several more days, temporarily sparing the coast — and sparing BP the renewed criticism that would surely come with oil landfall. A containment dome is being readied to drop over the worst of the leaks.

BP has significantly stepped up its lobbying on Capitol Hill, spending nearly $16 million in 2009, more than triple what it spent just two years before, according to data compiled by the Center for Responsive Politics, a watchdog group.

But that money does not sway public opinion.

The company’s top crisis managers have been dispatched to the gulf. Mr. Gowers, the BP spokesman, said the company was now “considering some targeted advertising in the affected states” to publicize how to make claims and how to sign up to help with the cleanup.

Mr. Hayward also gave a briefing on Tuesday for reporters from Gulf Coast newspapers and The Associated Press in which he said he wanted to “win the hearts and minds” of the people.

Mr. Hayward has been a frequent guest on the morning news shows, with a consistent message: “It wasn’t our accident, but we are absolutely responsible for the oil, for cleaning it up.”

It is a mixed message, advertising experts say.

“It’s a situation laced with irony, and perceived hypocrisy,” said Abbey Klaassen, executive editor of Advertising Age. “It is a fine line between what they want to say for legal reasons and what consumers want to hear which is: ‘Mea culpa. We accept responsibility, we will clean it up, and this will never happen again.’ ”

BP is playing to a particularly skeptical and vigilant audience in the gulf, where people have become accustomed to frustrating clashes with insurance companies and government agencies in the five years since Hurricane Katrina.

“We’re preparing for the worst,” said Jim Hood, the attorney general of Mississippi, referring both to the spill itself and the possibility of fierce legal struggles. The state has been taking photos and video of coastal areas and counting fish and birds, he said, to have a record of what exists before the oil arrives.

Campbell Robertson reported from New Orleans, John M. Broder from Washington, and Clifford Krauss from Houston. Sewell Chan contributed reporting from Washington.

Black Realities and Black Delusion in the Age of Obama

Glen Ford on Black Realities and Black Delusion in the Age of Obama

A Presentation by Glen Ford

Uhuru!

You’re going to have to bear with me on this presentation because it contains a lot of numbers and that doesn’t roll typically off the tongue. But numbers are facts. And I want to talk about facts this evening. When we talk about facts, there are facts that we can measure, and then there are the facts that people believe in and that they act upon. And so even if these facts aren’t true, they are for us facts non-the less because people act like they’re true. And we have to deal with their behavior. So we must also deal, when we talk about dealing with facts, with people’s beliefs. We have to confront our own people’s beliefs even if, and especially if, those beliefs are total nonsense.

I think it’s a cruel irony and a great trick of history that even as finance capital implodes right in front of our eyes, and as Black America faces its greatest economic crisis in generations — when objective conditions of the day cry out for clarity so that we can see and know what we’re doing — we’re confronted with a president whose very presence, literally, messes up many of our people’s minds.

It renders them, on occasion, incapable of correctly perceiving the reality that they are, in fact, living through. This is some very cool historical mischief that we have to deal with. But it’s important to — and although a it’s depressing subject — it’s one we have to confront because we are organizers here and those facts of people’s nonsensical beliefs are facts we have to confront.

The Black is Back Coalition is a political organization and so we must move among our people by dealing with, not just the objective facts, but with our people’s perception of reality. And we have to even deal with their delusions.

So I’m going to start off with a terrifying Black economic fact. And it comes straight out of last week’s newspapers. Then, after examining those objective facts, we’ll look at the delusional perceptions of the same situation that fly in the face of those facts.

Last week, the Economic Policy Institute released a study that projects Black unemployment — the official figure — will officially reach 17.2 percent by the third quarter of this year.

In five states, Black unemployment is projected to exceed 20 percent. Those states are Alabama, Illinois, Ohio, South Carolina and Michigan. And in Michigan, it’s projected to reach 27 percent. And we know that it’s already higher than that in Detroit, officially.

These facts are based on the way the federal government measures unemployment. And that means they are gross underestimates of real unemployment. Because they’re based on who actually shows up at a job center in four weeks. They underestimate everybody who is discouraged in the job market. Blacks — we know this from studies, of course we know it from our daily lives as well — Blacks stay unemployed much, much longer than whites. They have far more reason to be discouraged than whites. And far more of us never, in fact, even enter the formal job market. Plus there is the huge population of Blacks in prison. Prison inmates are not counted as unemployed. And in some communities, at any given time, that figure exceeds 20 percent of the Black, male, working-age population. So that is a built-in undercount — a huge one.

The more accurate way to measure real unemployment is to count the percentage of the working-age population who are actually holding a job — a legal job — and that’s called, the rate of participation in the labor force. A study of that kind — the rate of participation study —was done in New York City about five years ago. And remember, New York City is not one of the worse labor markets for Blacks in the country. That study found that only around 50 percent of Black men were working. Chicago had similar numbers. And this was all before the current economic collapse. What that means is, in those states where Black official unemployment is projected to go above 20 percent — those five states — which is a lot higher than the official rate was in New York, when the real Black, male unemployment rate was set at 50 percent.

We’ll be looking at places where majorities of Black men do not have real jobs — in those five states and plenty more localities all across the country. The Economic Policy Institute study also showed that the gap between Black male and Black female unemployment is getting larger — and very quickly getting much larger. And we all know what that means in terms of Black family dissolution. But these facts get even worse. Blacks are also becoming unemployed at a far faster rate than whites. That is, our crisis is moving forward much more quickly than among white people.

From the beginning of the current recession, which they date to September of 2007, to the third quarter of this year, white unemployment will have gone up five percent. Black unemployment will have gone up 8.6 percent. And Black people were already living at depression levels in 2007 when we start that count. So we see that there is an even deeper bottom that is falling out of the Black job market. That study was based on facts. And the numbers were derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Based on those facts, the headline for the story of the Economic Policy Institute’s research said, U.S. unemployment Rate for Blacks Projected to Hit 25 Year High. That same week another story appeared based on a study by the Pew Research Center, that’s an international, well-respected research organization. That study reports that, “Black assessments about the state of Black progress in America have improved more dramatically than at any time in the last quarter-century.” Those two headlines are in the same week, and so, on one hand, we have Black unemployment to reach 25-year high, and on the other hand we have Black assessments of Black progress at…25-year high! So we are in the midst of a great disconnect.

Black perceptions and Black reality are in absolute conflict. They are diametrically opposed. Now we know that much of this revolves around — guess who — Barack Obama. And it is true that most of the Pew Research Center’s questions dealt with feelings and not with facts. But some of those questions dealt with real facts — or about what Black people thought the real facts were. And they show that many of our people — majorities of our people — have allowed their feelings, their wishful, sometimes deluded feelings, to warp their assessment of some very basic facts about the Black condition.

The Pew study was conducted on 812 Black respondents. It was done in November of 2009. The polls — Pew’s polls — have been around for decades. They have been asking basically the same questions year after year. So that means they have a big base of comparative data to compare it to.

One of the most striking responses in that poll came to the question, “Has the gap in the standard of living of Blacks and whites become smaller in the last ten years?” That’s a very straight forward question — it’s not about feelings, it’s about money!

Because this is America and your standard of living is your income. When that question was asked in 2007, 41 percent of Black’s said, “Yes, the gap between Black living standards and white living standards is shrinking compared to ten years ago.” That was a minority of Black people, but a big minority — it was 41 percent. When that same question was asked this past November— 56 percent of Blacks believed that the gap in the living standards of Blacks and whites had gotten smaller than ten years ago. That was a solid majority. It was 15 percent higher than only two years ago.

So we have to ask, what happened between 2007 and 2009? Obama happened! And the 41 percent, who thought, back in 2007, that the racial living-standard gap had shrunk in the previous ten years, was wrong. And the 56 percent who thought the same thing in 2009 were even more wrong! The reality was exactly the opposite.

The smallest the Black/white income gap has ever been was in Bill Clinton’s second term as president. That’s when we had those multiple bubble-boons — the Internet boon, the stock boon, a whole bunch of boons. By the year 2000, Black households were earning 64.8 cents for every dollar a white household made. That’s the furthest extent in history of our comparative income progress. That’s as far as we’ve ever come — 64.8 cents. By 2008 Black household income was down to 61.8 cents on the white dollar — a loss of three cents. And that 61.8 cents in 2008 was virtually the same as the gap between Blacks and whites in 1989 and in 1979! So, the gap has been growing over the last 10 or 12 years. End except for that three-cent blip under Clinton, the gap has remained unchanged for the last 30 years.

So, what can we conclude from these numbers — between the perceptions and the reality? It seems that by 2007 the larger American propaganda machine had convinced a 41 percent large minority of Black people that Blacks, as a group, were materially better off than they were during the brief period not long ago when they actually were better off by three cents on the dollar. And this occurred even after going through the first Bush recession and “no jobs for Blacks folks” recovery. And when the second recession was starting and the Black housing foreclosure crisis had already begun, we had already lost three cents by 2007. Two years later, in November of last year, foreclosures have laid waste to Black neighborhoods. And unemployment is thorough the roof. And yet a solid majority, this time, of Blacks believe that we were materially better off — gaining, in fact, on white people.

I think it’s important to point out that this great disconnect between our peoples wishful misperceptions, which has been even more wildly exaggerated in the age of Obama, and the objective reality that actually shapes our lives is testimony to something very serious going on in Black heads. That is a great problem for activists — for organizers — for people who want to create a movement.

Lies are always an enemy of the people and the friend of our enemies. The first rule is, tell no lies and allow no lies to be told. I want to make it clear that our people are not at fault in this. They have been victimized by lies that they want to be true. Most of all, they want to believe that something they think they caused to happen, and that is the rise of Barack Obama, has produced material benefits for Black people. People desperately want to believe that. First, that they caused Barack Obama to become president and second, that it has produced material benefits — real measurable gains — like money for Black people.

All peoples want to feel that they have agency — that they are controlling events. So this little talk this evening is not about badmouthing our people. The truth that we are worse off in terms of income than ten years ago, and no better off than 20 and 30 years ago, is psychologically very painful to people. It is even more psychologically painful for our people to contemplate that the Black president works for the rich, white bankers. That is excruciating mental pain.

Our job, however, is to tell the truth and create the political conditions in which Black people can exercise true agency over their own lives. And that can only be achieved through struggle, never by wishful thinking and making up facts that don’t exist. And the truth is Black people have been given the impression that they are materially better off than ten years ago by a relentless media barrage about Black progress. We hear it every day on every channel in every newspaper in every way. Blacks are making progress. Blacks are making progress. Blacks are making progress. The aim of that wall-to-wall propaganda is to declare that the struggle is over, or that the struggle should be over. Barack Obama’s election is put forward as the final proof of that.

We’re witnessing the greatest loss of Black wealth since slavery.

So we see that these lies about Black material progress, which are sweet to the ears of so many of our people, are designed to snuff out our people’s struggle for actual self-determination and real material progress. As bad as it is, that Black household incomes are stuck at 1979 levels, the Black wealth situation has become even more catastrophic with the Black home-foreclosure disaster. We’re witnessing the greatest loss of Black wealth since slavery. United for a Fair Economy — their annual report says — Black wealth is now 10 cents on the dollar of white median household wealth. But that figure is certainly too high.

That’s because the data on Black home-foreclosures is not yet in. That tsunami has not crested yet. The data are incomplete because the federal government does not keep racial figures on home foreclosures. The feds do keep track, by race, of mortgages, but not by foreclosures.

We know that in some metropolitan areas Blacks make up to 60 percent and more of sub prime mortgages. And I said, metropolitan areas, and that means we’re talking about much whiter definitions of space than a city. Typically, a majority Black city like a DC, or an Atlanta, the statistical metropolitan area for that will be 20 or 25 percent black, so to have 60 percent of the sub prime mortgages allotted to Blacks is a huge number.

We know that these mortgages were designed to fail. So the number of Black households that have entered the negative growth category in recent years has certainly, dramatically increased, although it’s difficult to get a hard figure on it. That means that the statistic that Black median household wealth is only 10 percent of whites’, is certainly out of date and it is certainly too high. But even if the foreclosure catastrophe had not happened, at the rate Black wealth was increasing incrementally, in the middle of this decade, according to United for a Fair Economy, it would have taken a couple of thousand years for Black household wealth to achieve parody with whites — thousands of years. And that’s when we were not losing ground.

Clearly, Black economic parody cannot come from incremental increases in Black home ownership. That has never been in the cards, and so we must do, as the People’s Organization for Progress does, and lay the crime at the banks feet. We should demand that the corporate executives that committed this massive fraud and theft be prosecuted criminally — not civilly — criminally. And we must politically indict Barack Obama for rewarding Wall Street.

For making available to finance capital 23.7 trillion dollars—23.7 trillion dollars! That figure, which is approaching twice the gross domestic product of the United States comes directly from the inspector general of the federal government’s own Troubled Assets Relief Program. That’s not our figure, that’s the government’s figure.

It essentially means that under Barack Obama, Wall Street has swallowed the American state whole! That, not the election of a Black president, is the great historical event of 2009 —the swallowing whole of the state. But as we politically indict all the guilty parties in Black home foreclosures, we must also point out that it is Black people who are owed. And the debt to Black people keeps getting bigger. And we, our organizations, must provide leadership in demonstrating that mass, Black political action is the only way that that debt gets paid.

Thank you.

Confederate Heritage and the Legacy of Slave Rebellions in Virginia

Confederate Heritage and the Legacy of Slave Rebellions in Virginia

State proclamation recognizes southern ruling class and not African slave laborers

By Abayomi Azikiwe
Editor, Pan-African News Wire

Virginia Gov. Robert McDonnell issued a proclamation recently designating April as "Confederate Heritage Month." This was done initially without even mentioning the Atlantic Slave Trade or the economic system that was built from the labor of African people brought to North America between the 17th and 19th centuries.

Virginia was the first British colony where Africans were enslaved in the region that later became known as the United States at the close of the 18th century. Beginning in August 1619, when 20 Africans landed on a slave ship at Jamestown, a process of exploitation and oppression involving millions of people would define the character of North America for another four centuries.

These Africans brought to Virginia initially were designated as indentured servants as was many Europeans who came during the 17th century to the British colonies in North America. Nonetheless, by 1670, approximately 2,000 Africans had fallen victim to the system of chattel slavery in this region of the continent.

However, this historical episode in Virginia was not the beginning of slavery or the Atlantic Trade. Slavery as a world economic system took firm root in the western hemisphere beginning in the early 16th century when in 1503 the Spanish directed their attention towards the African continent seeking a vast reservoir of free untapped labor power.

Initially the indigenous peoples of the North American continent were transported to the Caribbean islands of St. Domingo (later Haiti) and Cuba in astronomical numbers for the purpose of chattel slavery. Using the rationale of the necessity of spreading Christianity among the Native Americans, the indigenous people suffered and died in great numbers as a result of the barbaric treatment meted out by the European slave traders and owners.

With the conquest of Peru and Brazil by Cortez and Pizarro in the early 16th century, the stage was set for the mass capture and importation of African slaves into South America, the Caribbean and later in the North American continent. As early as the mid-1500s, the Native peoples of the Caribbean had virtually become extinct as a result of the genocidal social and economic policies of the European colonialists.

Consequently, the African population became the numerically dominant group in the so-called West Indies by the middle of the 16th century, serving as the principal engine of economic growth for the Spanish colonialists. Soon afterwards the British adventurers embarked upon the trade in African labor as well, which they proceeded to carry out under charters issued by Elizabeth and James I.

The Continuing Debate Over Slavery

In the aftermath of the actions taken by Gov. McDonnell, a debate ensued around the historical significance of the slave system in the United States. Some conservatives and neo-confederates claimed that the upholding of the confederate heritage of the South was not intended to be an act of racist denial of the suffering of African people.

These same apologists for the secession of numerous southern states from the Union government in Washington would go as far as saying that the dividing of the country in 1860-61 had nothing to do with slavery as an economic system but was based on the notion of "state's rights." These ideologists for the South say that Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee and the others withdrew and provoked a civil war because they believed the states should be allowed to decide what economic and political system would prevail.

Then there are the false ideas surrounding the character of slavery and its economic impact on the historical development of the United States and other western countries as a whole. Southern historians and their supporters in the aftermath of slavery, advanced the believes that the system of exploitation was relatively benign and that Africans were content to work for white plantation owners and other ruling class interests that were dominant in the southern U.S.

However, starting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new current of historians arose who looked at the material benefits that the ruling classes in the United States and western Europe gained as a result of slavery. Rather than viewing the system of slavery as benign, the African-Americans and other progressive historians argued that the bondage Africans were subjected to created a labor system that not only led to the accumulation of tremendous wealth but it created the conditions for the rise of industrial capitalism.

W.E.B. DuBois wrote in his book entitled "Black Reconstruction" that the system of slavery stripped all rights away from Africans and subjected them to the worst forms of exploitation and degradation. This system not only made enormous profits for the slave owners but destroyed any semblance of family life for the African people.

DuBois notes that "Negroes could be sold--actually sold as we sell cattle with no reference to calves or bulls, or recognition of family. It was a nasty business. The white South was properly ashamed of it and continually belittled and almost denied it."

The African-American historian continues saying "But it was a stark and bitter fact. Southern papers of the Border States were filled with advertisements: 'I wish to purchase fifty Negroes of both sexes from 6 to 30 years of age for which I will give the highest cash prices.'" (Black Reconstruction, p. 11)

Nonetheless, the defenders of the confederacy continue to deny and make false claims that Africans were treated reasonably well under the slave system. They have also said that the neo-confederate movement since the conclusion of reconstruction and up until today, is a mechanism for the descendants of slave owners and those who fought to preserve slavery, to honor their heritage. According to many of the neo-confederates, they are not racist in their recognition and championing of this legacy.

A New York Times editorial written by Jon Meacham in the aftermath of the declaration of "Confederate Heritage Month" in Virginia challenges the notion of a non-racist recognition of confederate symbolism and heritage in the South. Meacham, who is the purlitzer prize winning editor of Newsweek, says that "If neo-Confederates are interested in history, let's talk history." (New York Times, April 11)

The editorial goes on to say that "Since Lee surrendered at Appomattox, Confederate symbols have tended to be more about white resistance to black advances than about commemoration. In the 1880s and 1890s, after fighting Reconstruction with terrorism and after the Supreme Court struck down the 1875 Civil Rights Act, states began to legalize segregation."

Meacham continues that "For white supremacists, iconography of the 'Lost Cause' was central to their fight; Mississippi even grafted the Confederate battle emblem onto its state flag. But after the Supreme Court allowed segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, Jim Crow was basically secure. There was less need to rally the troops, and Confederate imagery became associated with the most extreme of the extreme: the Ku Klux Klan."

This editorial in the New York Times prompted a response from Edward H. Sebesta of Dallas, TX, who wrote to the Pan-African News Wire saying that the above-mentioned opinion piece "actually has a sly defense of the Confederate 'heritage.' After citing the just-mentioned quote related to the role of confederate symbols subsequent to the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling of 1896, Meacham then launches an attack on the Times editorial saying that it contributes more to the confusion surrounding the history of the United States than clarifying not only the role of slavery but also the political character of the neo-confederate movement today."

The author continues saying "Confederate imagery was used to promote white supremacy throughout the Nadir. Confederate 'heritage' has always been about white supremacy from the end of the Civil War into the 21st century."

The Legacy of Slave Rebellions in Virginia

Despite claims to the contrary, Africans revolted against slavery and sought to build an independent existence outside the plantation system. Perhaps the most glaring conflict over the significance of slavery among whites and African-Americans is the efforts underway in Richmond, Virginia to gain proper recognition of a burial ground for enslaved Africans which is currently covered up by a parking lot owned by Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). This burial ground area is reported to have contained a detention facility for rebellious Africans and a location for carrying out executions.

In a brochure issued by the Sacred Ground Historical Reclamation Project, it states that "undoubtedly the area's greatest significance is the fact that, for the three decades preceding the Civil War, it was, after New Orleans, the largest market for enslaved Africans in this country." (An Appeal to All People of Good Will: The Case of Reclaiming Richmond's Shockoe Bottom)

The brochure says that "This was where many of the 300,000 to 350,000 men, women and children of African descent who were sold from Virginia to plantations in the Deep South were auctioned off. At the same time, it is also a story of incredible courage. From Gabriel's Rebellion to the mass escape on the hijacked slave ship Creole to thousands of individual acts of rebellion, this continuous resistance to injustice is a tribute to the deep resilience of the human spirit."

Gabriel was captured and later executed at the site where the African burial ground existed and is today a parking lot owned by VCU. The Sacred Ground Historical Reclamation Project and other organizations are demanding that this area be not only recognized with a historical marker as it is today, but that a more extensive memorial be constructed that accounts for the significant legacy of slavery within the economic and political development of Virginia.

The Reclamation Project says that "That story holds the potential for Richmond to become an educational center of international significance, as well as a unique place for racial learning, reconciliation and healing. Shockoe Bottom (the site of the burial ground, slave prison and location of Gabriel's execution) is truly Sacred Ground, a place that belongs to all Richmonders, all Virginians and all peoples throughout the world--especially those of West Africa, from where so many African-Americans can trace their ancestry."

The brochure continues stating that "Properly reclaimed and memorialized, with a museum, genealogy center, meditative park, visitors center, reconstructed historic buildings and, especially the reclamation of the long-neglected and profoundly disrespected Burial Grounds for Negroes, this small area could become one of the most visited Heritage Tourism sites in the country."

The attempted rebellion led by Gabriel in 1800 is one of the most interesting episodes in United States history during the period of slavery. Gabriel was a literate African who had been contracted to work in Richmond from a plantation. He made contact with numerous Africans and developed an extensive plot to liberate plantations and to kidnap the Virginia governor of the time period.

This plot coincided with the Haitian Revolution which had a monumental impact on the United States by striking fear into the minds of the slave owners and the triumph of that struggle in 1803 led to the so-called "Louisiana Purchase", where the colonial power of France, after losing its most prosperous colony on the island of Hispaniola, sold its territories to the government in Washington.

Later in 1831, Nat Turner led a rebellion in Southhampton County that resulted in numerous deaths and a further intensification of the slave system designed to suppress African people. In 1859, the raid on Harper's Ferry by John Brown, Osborn Anderson and others has been cited as a significant signal of the coming Civil War between 1861-65.

Re-writing History and the National Question

This conflict of emphasis on the part of Southern apologists for slavery and those who seek recognition for the centuries of free labor, reveals the class and national interests that have arose as a result of the economic history of the United States. There can be no real improvement in race relations or the resolution of the national question in the U.S. without the recognition of the horrors of slavery by the ruling class and the payment of reparations for the centuries of free labor.

In the 21st century with the election of the first African-American President Barack Obama, the U.S. has witnessed the rise of a new crop of racist and neo-fascist organizations. This resurgence of racism comes at a time when the U.S. is facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression.

The purpose of this rightward shift, which is supported and encouraged by the corporate media, is to further divide the working class along racial lines and to deflect attention away from the bank bailouts and other direct handouts to the capitalists. The corporate support for the so-called "Tea Party" is designed for the same purpose: to split off white workers from the struggles of the proletariat and to promote racism against African-Americans, Latinos/as, Asians, and other oppressed peoples.

Fighting this racism and other forms of bigotry can only be effectively carried out through international solidarity. White workers and the proletariat as a whole must unite to fight racism and anti-immigrant sentiment.

It is through such forms of solidarity that the working class and nationally oppressed movements can overcome these continuing attempts to divide the people and consequently weaken the struggle against racism, national oppression and the hegemony of international finance capital.

Women Musicians and Personal Time in Zimbabwe

Women musicians and personal time

By Joyce Jenje-Makwenda
Zimbabwe Herald

Women’s personal time is determined by their family and society.

Patriarchy aims to confine women to the home where they do unacknowledged or unpaid work.

Often they combine the responsibilities of working to earn a wage and doing all the domestic work.

This unfair division of labour when girls are growing up and when they finally have their "own" homes, means that they do not have much time to spend on developing themselves and their talents.

In many patriarchal societies, women are supposed to confine themselves to the domestic sphere.

Their access to public space is very limited.

They are not supposed to develop a public persona.

There are some women who try to fight all odds when they are still young, and fulfil their goals, but when they get to a certain age, for instance if they get married, the structures set by the society remind them that they are "women" and they give up on their dreams.

This has contributed to a large extent to women lacking personal time to continue with their aspirations.

It becomes even more difficult when a woman wants to be in a field or profession that will take her away during odd hours or for a long time away from home.

Women who have chosen music as a career have had to find ways of dealing with their families or society in order for them to make it.

It could be easier when they are still single but once they decide to marry and have a family it becomes a challenge.

With marriage comes the responsibility of re-arranging priorities. As a wife, she is called to put her husband’s needs before her own. This often means compromising on the amount of time she spends on music, if her husband is at all interested in continuing with music.

In this day and age where women usually need to work to supplement the family income, it becomes almost impossible to be an effective wife, a good mother, a reliable employee and a great musician at the same time.

When the demanding lifestyle becomes stressful, music is often the first thing to be taken off the list. Laura Bezuidenhout an accomplished musician who has been in music since the 1970’s and has been involved in music in Zimbabwe and South Africa has made the following observations as regards women musicians and personal time, "A a lot of men who marry female musicians tend to become possessive and jealous after the marriage, and they often force their new wives to choose between their careers and their marriage.

Society also plays a role here — music is seen as an activity for youngsters, carefree, without responsibilities and more often than not, a little on the frivolous side.

Society expects a married woman to conduct herself as such, and the negative associations with music is often too overbearing for general societal acceptance. In the paternalistic society we live in, women are tossed from side to side when trying to chart their lives, and they are often not allowed to make the necessary decisions that will accommodate both her "talents and her in-laws", so to speak…," says Laura Bezuidenhout.

The structures of the society are designed in such a way that women find it difficult to work in the home and outside the home, this put pressure on them and they have to choose whether to continue with outside work or the home.

Usually it is the home that they have to choose as they are brought up to feel that they are obliged to make the home run smoothly and if it does not they feel they have failed the family and society.

Lina Gumboreshumba started her musical career at a young age and she had time to pursue her musical dream as she came from a musical family and she would accompany her father to play at bira’s (night vigils). She has taken music to another level and she now has a Master's in Music , which she teaches and also works for the Hugh Tracy Library.

While she has been one of the lucky few women musicians who have fulfilled their aspirations she feels that the requirements of music and marriage often clash, "I think the demands of a musical career and the demands of marriage for a woman as expected by the husband and the society at large clash.

Being a musician demands many hours of practising, and some performances are done outside the "normal" day hours, as a result many men are not comfortable with their wives tackling the heavy schedule and working odd hours. The demands of the family weigh down on the woman and in the end she has to make a choice and drop the other. So married women musicians really need their husbands’ and families’ support of their career to succeed," says Lina Gumboreshumba.

Despite the structures of the society which has made it impossible for women to fulfill their aspiration from an early age to adulthood, some women musicians have learnt how to create time in order to have their place in the music scene.

When Prudence Katomeni-Mbofana one of the best Jazz musician and a renowned actor was asked to be part of a musical play while she was breastfeeding her second child says the show was a success and even the producer did not know how she was able to do it as she would breastfeed her child just before going onto the stage. She created time for the play to be successful.

Prudence Katomeni-Mbofana’s career started at an early age while she was at high school and she seems to be going stronger, despite being a mother and a wife. She also gets support from her husband Comfort Mbofana.

Tambudzayi Hwaramba, who made her name in the urban grooves genre in the 90’s, was involved in music from a tender age and she managed to do this by creating personal time to accommodate her music in whatever she did, "I’ve always had a passion for song and dance. When I was in primary school I used to invite my friends over to my house for singing and dancing competitions. We would compete to see who could sing popular songs by musicians like Yvonne Chaka Chaka best.

"Of course, I would practise all week so that I could know every song by heart. I would watch all the music programmes on TV and imitate the dances and performances. At this stage, I just thought I enjoyed music but didn’t realise that God had given me a particular gift. I didn’t even realise that there was potential for creativity in me."

Tambudzayi continued with her music when she went to secondary school. "I went to High School (Arundel Girls High School). However, this was when I became aware of the fact that I had a God-given talent. I met a girl called Dumisani Nkala who was a brilliant piano-player.

We became friends and we would sit together in one of the school piano rooms while she practiced. As time went on and as we got comfortable around each other, we began singing together and writing songs together. By the time we were in our second last year of High School, Dumi and I were part of an all-girls gospel band called Milele.

Other members of the band included Farirai Mukonoweshuro, Ratidzai Magura and Nyaradzo Ngwerume. Milele performed at a few concerts in their time" Says Tambudzayi as she goes back in time.

Nyasha Bare, who is one of the few women musicians to enrol in music education in the late 80’s, realised her music talent when she was young and since then she has not looked back.

She now teaches music and she has also recorded a Gospel album. "I had interest in music from a very young age up to when I started my primary education. I used to participate in school choirs and traditional dance groups and when I went to secondary school, I was a choir leader for Sunday school and I also used to conduct a school choir at boarding school.

After my secondary school education I went to Chivhu where I was a temporary choir mistress for six years. My choir used to come out number one or two."

Stella Chiweshe, the Queen of Zimbabwe Mbira Music, realising that she had musical talent learnt to multi task while working, "When I was a child I used to herd cattle with my grandfather.

"As you obviously know cattle are herded so far from the house, from there I’d sing my voice loud so that people at the house would hear my voice.

"So when I got home (those days) my mind and body would form a rhythm which I still have up to this day. I would play the rhythm even on plates, the tables — anything that would give me sound."

The late Elizabeth Ncube, the first female Imbongi, was not all that lucky when she started her musical career as she was always reminded of housework and that as a woman she should stay at home.

Although she resisted this kind of treatment and she followed her heart she became the first female Imbongi and her parents were impressed.

In an interview that I had with her in the early 90’s, she said "I knew I was going to perform but I did not know what to say to my parents it was difficult for me to tell them as they used to say a woman must not be exposed too much to the outside world (umuntu wesifazana kumele ahlale pansi).

A woman was not supposed to go to a beerhall, a woman was just supposed to look after children at home. Sweep the house etc. But then what I had was too powerful for me. My parents were now the ones asking me when next was I going to perform?"

When Prudence Katomeni-Mbofana, one of the best Jazz musician and a renowned actor, was asked to be part of a musical play while she was breastfeeding her second child says the show was a success and even the producer did not know how she was able to do it as she would breastfeed her child before going onto the stage. She created time for the play to be successful.

Shuvai Wutaunashe, a celebrated Gospel musician since the late 70’s, encourages women to create time in order for them to be able to make it in the music industry.

"It takes effort and a woman has to be able to divide her time. Because I am a married woman, I am a wife and I have two children.

"There are the things I take seriously and am fortunate that family supports me. But a woman in my position needs to have time and at the same time working."

Women create personal time in order to fulfill your aspirations, as you continue to celebrate womanhood.

--Joyce Jenje Makwenda is researcher, archivist, writer and producer. She can be contacted on: joycejenje@gmail.com

Mugabe, Gaddafi, the Lions of Africa

Mugabe, Gaddafi, the lions of Africa

By Tom Pfeiffer
Zimbabwe Herald

LIKE or hate him, Muammar Gaddafi has led Libya for over 40 years, far longer than any living African leader. Now in his late 60s, there is no framework for his succession and he has carefully avoided designating a successor.

His enemies in the West are quick to claim that an unpredictable succession, suspicion of foreign influence, diplomatic rows, policy uncertainty and the lingering threat of social unrest all pose potential risks for investors in oil producer Libya, but the man is strong and going.

Like Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Gaddafi defines what is Africanism and the two epitomise resistance against Western imperialism and exploitation. They might make mistakes because they are human beings, but all that is done in defence of their principled stance against white dominance.

Analysts say Gaddafi, the veteran leader, appears to be in good health but that, when he dies, years of instability could follow as competing clans and relatives struggle for supremacy. The same could happen in Zimbabwe if President Mugabe goes but the comparison of the two ends there, because while Gaddafi at times changes goal posts, Mugabe does not. He is resolute.

Gaddafi’s liberal-leaning son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, who took a central role in ending Libya’s stand-off with the West, has the highest profile among Gaddafi’s sons but lacks any official role and Libya experts say he has little support from the army, whose endorsement is seen as vital if he is to hold power.

Two other sons, Mutassim and Khamis, are both thought to have stronger power bases in the military. Their policy views, including on the economy and outside investment, remain unknown but Libya watchers see Mutassim — Libya’s National Security Adviser — as close to the old guard that opposes many of the reforms proposed by Saif al-Islam.

What to watch:

l Whether Saif al-Islam, who has no official government position, becomes Head of Social Popular Leadership, potentially making him the country’s second most prominent figure. Analysts say he turned the job down last year because it might still not give him the power he needs to push through reforms.

With oil money swelling Libya’s coffers after years of austerity, foreign firms are jostling for billions of dollars of potential deals for housing, transport infrastructure, telecoms and public services.

But the environment is fraught with dangers, from bureaucratic lethargy to a captive judiciary and risks tied to land ownership and changing business rules.

Business-friendly reforms are stalled and Libya sits in 130th place out of 180 countries in Transparency International’s 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index.

Diplomatic hiccups can quickly have a devastating effect on companies operating in Libya.

Switzerland has failed to mend ties that broke down after the arrest of another son of Gaddafi, Hannibal, in Geneva in mid-2008.

On March 3, Libya imposed a trade and economic embargo on Switzerland that effectively sounded a death knell for Swiss business interests in the desert country.

Libya showed it was still ready to challenge its old foe the United States when it threatened US oil companies with unnamed consequences in response to caustic comments about Gaddafi made by a Washington official. The official later apologised.

What to watch:

l Rising oil prices would give the government more money for its investment programme. But they could also dull the incentive to make Libya more attractive for investors.

l The Swiss embargo could disrupt Libyan operations of international firms that have shifted their headquarters to Switzerland for tax reasons, including Transocean Ltd, Noble Corp. and Foster Wheeler.

l Any signs that smaller companies are beginning to take the plunge and invest in Libya. So far it is viewed as the preserve of big multinationals that benefit from intense government lobbying and who are diversified enough to spread their risks.

Gaddafi made up with the West to end a boycott that was running the economy into the sand, but has struggled to forge a new vision for Libya since sanctions ended in 2003.

The country’s state-run markets are now crammed with foreign consumer goods but a nebulous system of central economic planning and wealth distribution remains.

Gaddafi still cherishes his vision of Islamic Socialism, with its system of grass-roots government by town-hall committees in which political parties are banned.

Libya has no clearly defined economic policy. Gaddafi’s promise to scrap corrupt government ministries and hand oil wealth to Libya’s citizens remains unfulfilled.

Saif al-Islam has commissioned successive reform plans from Western consultancies but their free-market vision is being resisted by the powerful old guard that benefits from centralised provision of goods and services. Relations with the West are still prickly and the government has readily used Libya’s growing economic clout to punish foreign states deemed to have slighted the Libyan leadership.

Yet analysts say Gaddafi’s foreign policy is dominated by pragmatism. Fearful of renewed isolation, he has improved ties with the US and European Union while keeping good relations with Russia, China, Brazil and Iran.

Things to watch:

l Any sign that Saif al-Islam’s reformist camp is losing influence. This might encourage the government of Prime Minister Al Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmoudi to take a more protectionist line on inward investment and tighten terms for foreign business.

l Unresolved differences with the West might boil over into more diplomatic stand-offs. Gaddafi has said Libya hoped for a bigger payback for the concessions it made to end sanctions and is resisting calls for more political openness and a freer Press. Western leaders risk a political backlash at home for striking up chummy relations with Libya in the hope of winning lucrative business deals.

Firms including Exxon Mobil, Occidental, BP and ENI are sinking billions of dollars into Libya for a share of Africa's biggest proven oil reserves.

Foreign players accepted tight production shares when bidding for Libyan acreage and finds have proven disappointing so far, although a vast area remains to be explored. Experts say project approvals for drilling new acreage and enhanced oil recovery have been moving at a glacial pace.

When one firm — Canada’s Verenex announced a big find, Libya’s government forced shareholders to sell the company to a Libyan sovereign wealth fund for less than its market price, a reminder of the risks run by smaller players.

What to watch:

l A new framework hydrocarbon law, Libya’s first in more than 50 years, is being drafted and the government has not said whether it will alter conditions for foreign oil firms.

l National Oil Corporation Chairman Shokri Ghanem commands respect with foreign energy companies but his authority has been challenged by a new Supreme Council For Energy Affairs. The council is dominated by conservatives who may feel Ghanem is a soft touch for oil firms and call for more resource nationalism.

A lack of economic opportunities has led to occasional outbreaks of local unrest but the government keeps a tight grip on security. Opposition groups are weak and political activity outside the structure of the government is virtually impossible.

The population has grown fast and pressure for better living standards has risen after sanctions. With higher oil revenue, the state can distribute more wealth to buy popular support.

The pardon and release from prison of hundreds of Islamist militants on March 23 shows the government is confident that it has neutralised the threat from the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group that once tried to assassinate Gaddafi.

What to watch:

l Any sign that LIFG splinter groups based abroad are attempting to revive the movement’s activity within Libya or join with al Qaeda’s Maghreb wing based in neighbouring Algeria.

l Risk of unrest in and around the eastern city of Benghazi, an area of traditional opposition to Gaddafi that has benefited less than other regions from government largesse. Civil disturbance often goes unreported in Libya so talk of public gatherings or street violence could be a sign of bigger trouble. — Reuters.

Summit For Southern African Liberation Movements Begins in Dar es Salaam

Summit for liberation movements begins

Herald Reporter

Six liberation movements from the Sadc region began a summit in the Tanzanian capital Dar es Salaam yesterday to exchange views on political, social and economic challenges facing their countries.

The summit opened with a meeting of secretaries-general of the six parties — Zanu-PF of Zimbabwe, ANC of South Africa, Swapo of Namibia, Frelimo of Mozambique, MPLA of Angola and Chama Cha Mapinduzi of Tanzania.

The secretaries-general were laying the groundwork for their leaders who are expected to meet today.

Zanu-PF secretary for administration Cde Didymus Mutasa represented the party.

President Mugabe — who is leading the Zanu-PF delegation to the summit — will join the other five party heads at today’s meeting.

"The meeting provides an opportunity to renew the ties of comradeship and solidarity that were forged between these movements during the struggle against colonial rule and apartheid," the ANC said in a statement.

"The people of South Africa owe a debt of gratitude to these parties who provided material and political support during the liberation struggle," the party added.

The meeting provides an opportunity for the parties to exchange views and experiences about the challenges of economic and social development in their respective countries, the ANC said.

The ANC added: "It will also focus on the challenges facing former liberation movements following the achievement of independence and democratic rule and look at how the parties can co-operate to build and strengthen their respective organisations.

Iran Angrily Defends Nuclear Program

May 3, 2010

Iran Wednesday, May 05, 2010
06:23 Mecca time, 03:23 GMT

Iran: Politics blocks nuclear talks

The Iranian president has said internal politics both within Iran and the United States is making it difficult to reach a deal on the country's nuclear programme.

Speaking to Al Jazeera on the sidelines of a UN summit in New York reviewing the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he and Barack Obama would have to refrain from "acting too hastily" to achieve progress.

Ahmadinejad said the November 2009 resolution "presented to the IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] against Iran in the presence of Mr Obama [US president] was a very negative, hasty action that had very negative repercussions in Iran".

"[The] resolution was not based on any legal or lawful framework but surely a political, politicised act ... It reduced public confidence in the [negotiation] process in Iran."

The resolution noted with "serious concern" that Iran had constructed a uranium enrichment facility at Qom in breach of its obligations to suspend all enrichment.

It added that Tehran's failure to notify the IAEA of the new facility until September 2009 was also inconsistent with Iran's obligations.

'Tremendous pressure'

Hooman Majd, an Iranian-American writer, said Obama was under immense pressure to serve interest groups with respect to Iran's nuclear programme.

"I think a lot of Iranians would agree [with Ahmadinejad] - even on the reform side - that the US and Barack Obama, in particular, is under tremendous pressure by various interest groups to not deal with Iran or to deal with Iran differently," Majd told Al Jazeera.

He said there were those telling the president "not to negotiate because negotiation is fruitless in the minds of many - right-wing Americans, neocons and the Israeli lobby. There is all kinds of different areas where Obama has to be very careful".

Ahmadinejad took centre stage at the opening of the month-long debate on how to stop the spread of nuclear weapons.

He set a defiant tone at the conference on Monday, saying that the US "has never respected any of its commitments" on nuclear weapons.

Washington, he said, had offered not "a single credible proof" to back claims that his country was developing nuclear weapons.

Iran insists it is enriching uranium for purposes of developing nuclear energy for civilian use, but the West suspects it is seeking to develop a nuclear bomb.

Al Jazeera's Kristen Saloomey, reporting from the summit, said: "We've seen sympathies for comments from Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from countries who themselves are pursuing nuclear technology for peaceful purposes and want to develop their nuclear reactors."

But she added that the US, which released previously classified statistics on the size of its nuclear arsenal as Ahmadinejad delivered his speech, had been praised for the move.

The US has 5,113 nuclear warheads in its stockpile, the defence department disclosed on Monday.

UN Security Council powers met on Tuesday to discuss ways to punish Tehran as a final document detailing ways to achieve goals of checking the spread of nuclear weapons was being drafted.

US officials have said they will be looking to isolate Iran and to produce an unofficial document calling for stricter enforcement of the NPT, which requires signatories to abandon nuclear weapons.

The document could be signed by the overwhelming majority of signatory countries, but because it requires a consensus of all parties - including Iran - it would be highly unlikely to censure Tehran and could block consensus, analysts said.

Our correspondent added that the "document ... calls on Israel to sign up and join the NPT. Israel is widely believed to have nuclear weapons but has not confirmed or denied their existence".

"By signing up to the NPT, they would be required to do that. Of course, other countries as well are being asked to do that - India and Pakistan are also nuclear states who have not joined the NPT," she said.

Sharp criticism

Ahmadinejad, who accused the US of not only using nuclear weapons but also threatening to use them, drew sharp criticism from Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state.

She told delegates Iran was "flouting the rules" of the nonproliferation treaty with its suspect uranium enrichment programme.

'Better way' on Iran urged

"I hope that we can reach agreement in the Security Council on tough new sanctions," Clinton told reporters.

"I believe that is the only way to catch Iran's attention."

The NPT is formally reviewed every five years at a meeting of all 189 treaty members - all the world's nations except India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea, all of which either have confirmed or are believed to have nuclear weapons.

Tehran has refused to abandon its enrichment programme and now faces the prospect of UN-backed sanctions as a result of its defiance in the face of international pressure.

Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, said over the weekend that more progress needs to be made in disarmament efforts.

Those efforts have been boosted by new pledges from the US and Russia in recent months.

Ban also said Iran's and North Korea's nuclear programmes were "of serious concern to global efforts to curb nuclear proliferation".

Source: Al Jazeera and agencies


Angrily Defends Nuclear Program

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR
New York Times

UNITED NATIONS — The United States and Iran used the United Nations General Assembly’s famous green marble podium on Monday to trade punches over the Islamic republic’s nuclear program, adding sudden drama to the normally staid opening of the international conference to review the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the only head of state attending a meeting usually left to foreign ministers, defiantly sought to rebuff accusations that Iran was a nuclear outlaw by going on the offensive against the United States.

The United States, represented by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, accused Iran of trying to create a smokescreen to hide its own violations and said Tehran should not be allowed to try to undermine a broad international consensus to strengthen the 40-year-old treaty.

The treaty is viewed as successful over all in dissuading countries from developing nuclear weapons, but is seen as under threat as more nations express an interest in starting nuclear programs.

The United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, said that expanding interest as well as new problems like possible nuclear terrorism made the treaty more important than ever. “The nuclear threat remains real,” Mr. Ban said. “It has evolved in new and varied forms.”

In his speech, Mr. Ahmadinejad said that all nuclear powers tried to intimidate countries that had no nuclear weapons, but he called the United States the “main suspect” in fostering a nuclear arms race. It has engendered worldwide hatred for being the first and only state to use a nuclear bomb, he said.

As Mr. Ahmadinejad spoke, members of delegations from a number of countries, including the United States and many European Union members, walked out of the General Assembly. The hall was about one-third full during his 35-minute address.

The Iranian president said the United States and its allies had failed to provide a “single credible proof” of allegations that Tehran was hiding an attempt to develop a nuclear bomb of its own,. The Islamic republic had already accepted a compromise deal over enriching uranium for a research reactor, he said.

In opening the conference, Mr. Ban urged Iran to prove that its nuclear program was solely for peaceful purposes and to accept a compromise deal offered to Tehran last fall. Iran is facing a fourth round of Security Council sanctions that are being negotiated separately.

Under the terms of last fall’s deal, Iran would send 1,200 kilograms, or more than 2,600 pounds, of enriched uranium to Russia and then to France for refinement into fuel rods for its research reactor in Tehran, which is used for medical purposes.

Though it would not resolve the issue of a suspected military program, the deal was seen as a confidence-building measure.

Western nations negotiating with Iran say that it has demanded, at different times, that the refinement take place on Iranian soil, or that the uranium be refined in smaller increments. Their interest in the deal is waning as Iran enriches increasing amounts of uranium. Its supply is now thought to be more than 2,100 kilograms, or about 4,600 pounds, enough for two bombs.

Mrs. Clinton noted that Tehran had never signaled to the International Atomic Energy Agency that it was ready to accept any proposal involving its research reactor. “Iran has a history of making confusing, contradictory and inaccurate statements designed to convey the impression that it has adopted a flexible attitude toward the proposal,” she told a news conference.

In her speech, Mrs. Clinton accused Iran of jeopardizing the nonproliferation treaty by defying repeated calls from the Security Council and the atomic energy agency to be more transparent about its program. “That is why it is facing increasing isolation and pressure from the international community,” she said.

Canada’s foreign minister, Lawrence Cannon, dismissed Mr. Ahmadinejad’s speech as a “publicity stunt.” He and other foreign ministers stressed that they did not want the issue of Iran to hijack the conference.

Mr. Ban emphasized a few central issues that he said should be the focus of conference negotiations expected to last until the end of May: more nuclear weapons cuts, greater openness in national nuclear programs, an effort to get the three nations outside the treaty — India, Pakistan and Israel — to sign it, and the establishment of a zone in the Middle East free of nuclear weapons.

Mrs. Clinton said the United States wanted to strengthen the measures facing any country that tries to withdraw from the treaty, as North Korea did in 2003. The country has since declare that it carried out two nuclear tests.

The conference should consider automatic penalties for violating agreements on safeguards, Mrs. Clinton said, like suspending international technical cooperation, and using of financial and legal tools “to disrupt illicit proliferation networks.”

To bolster President Obama’s argument that the United States is fulfilling its obligations to reduce the American arsenal, the Pentagon on Monday declassified statistics showing that the United States now possesses 5,113 nuclear weapons, down 84 percent from its peak of 31,255 in 1967, at the height of the cold war.

The statistics’ broad outlines have been known, in general terms, for many years. The Pentagon issued gross numbers on Monday, deliberately lumping together deployed weapons, those in storage and “inactive”’ warheads. The figures released for the current stockpile, a senior official said, do not include several thousand retired weapons awaiting complete dismantlement.

American officials have been playing down prospects for any sweeping change emerging from the conference, suggesting that the greatest expected pressure on Tehran will be if a majority of countries endorse the treaty and there is some condemnation of Iran, even if it is rejected by a few “outliers” and does not make it into the final document.

Although Israel does not take part in the nonproliferation treaty, its arsenal, estimated at 100 to 200 warheads, has overshadowed the conferences in recent years. Egypt and other non-nuclear nations have refused to endorse stricter inspections and other global measures as long as Israel remains outside the treaty.

A compromise worked out in 1995 called for a special conference on creating a nuclear-weapons-free Middle East, but it has never been convened. Egypt is again demanding that gathering. The United States position has been that such a treaty can be worked out only after a comprehensive Middle East peace plan.

David E. Sanger contributed reporting from New York.

Tuesday, May 04, 2010

Guinea Transitional Authorities Tell United Nations That June Elections Will Be Held

Guinea: Country's Transitional Authorities Assure UN That June Vote Will Be Held on Schedule

3 May 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guinea's interim President Sékouba Konaté has reassured the United Nations and its African partners that presidential elections will be held as scheduled on 27 June following recent reports of tension among the West African country's transitional authorities over the electoral process.

A joint delegation of the UN, the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) conferred with the president, Prime Minister Jean Marie Doré and other transitional and electoral officials during a visit to Conakry, the Guinean capital, on 29 and 30 April.

The impoverished country was gripped by unrest after the forces of Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a coup in 2008 following the death of long-time president Lansana Conté, opened fire on unarmed protesters at a rally last year, killing at least 150 people.

In December, Mr. Camara was wounded in an assassination attempt. In January, after mediation by President Blaise Compaoré of nearby Burkina Faso and others, an agreement was signed setting up a Government of national unity and calling for elections within six months.

"The interim Guinean President, General Sékouba Konaté, reaffirmed that all measures will be taken to ensure that presidential elections are held on 27 June 2010," a communiqué issued by the delegation said.

"The delegation's objective was to confer with the Guinean authorities and encourage them to pursue their efforts in accordance with the joint declaration of Ouagadougou [Burkina Faso's capital where the January agreement was signed]."

Composed of Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Special Representative for West Africa Said Djinnit, AU Special Envoy for Guinea Ibrahima Fall and ECOWAS Commission President Victor Gbeho, the delegation urged the transitional authorities to ensure strict respect for the electoral calendar and take all necessary measures, including adoption of a proposed constitution and electoral code.

"The delegation reiterated the international community's resolve to support Guinea's transition process in conformity with the joint declaration of Ouagadougou," the communiqué said. "The delegation calls on the Guinean people to seize the unique opportunity it now has to participate actively in the country's democratic restoration and emergence from crisis.

"It urges citizens to maintain a climate of peace, security and social cohesion in the greater interests of the Guinean nation."