IRGC Forces Were the Last to Leave Syria After Militant Blitz: Gen. Salami

Thursday, 12 December 2024 10:36 AM

Chief Commander of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Major General Hossein Salami

The chief commander of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) has praised the sacrifices of the force in Syria, underlining that its members were the last group to leave the Arab country after the resurgence of foreign-backed militants.

Major General Hossein Salami made the remarks on Thursday as he pointed to the recent political and military developments in Syria that culminated in the fall of President Bashar al-Assad’s government following a shock attack by armed militants, led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS).

“Some expect us to go and fight instead of the Syrian army. Is it logical for us to engage all the IRGC and Basij [volunteer forces] in fighting in another country while the army of that country is merely watching? On the other hand, all the ways for us to get to Syria were closed. The Islamic Republic was really trying day and night to do whatever it could to help,” Salami said.

Stressing that the Islamic Republic takes into account the realities on the ground in Syria and acts based on facts, the IRGC chief said, “Of course, I proudly inform you that the last ones who left the resistance line in Syria were the IRGC forces and the last person who left the battlefield was an IRGC soldier.”

Salami said strategies must change according to the circumstances, adding, “We cannot solve numerous global and regional issues with fixed, unchanging strategies.”

Dismissing reports about Iran’s strategic clout diminishing in the region after the collapse of the Assad government and Israel’s relentless strikes on the resistance front, Salami said, “We have a strong political logic to fight and enjoy conclusive legitimacy to defend [our country].”

The IRGC chief stressed, “We have a great nation to stand up to [bullies]. We have a great leader to provide guidance and inspiration. We have strong armed forces. If we had been weakened, we would not have conducted True Promise operations.”

Salami also emphasized that Syria was the only country that did not acquiesce to compromise or normalization deals, and was invariably in a state of confrontation, defense, resistance in the face of the United States and the Israeli regime.

Salami said the IRGC had earlier been cognizant of the plots by the armed militants in Syria and warned the Damascus government about them, "but because the will to change, fight, and resilience in its true sense did not exist, unfortunately you saw what came to pass there."

Foreign-backed militants in Syria claim to have “completely” taken control of the eastern city of Deir al-Zawr.

HTS-led militants stormed the Syrian capital of Damascus early on Sunday after scoring major gains in the Arab country’s north following their resurgence in two weeks.

Amid the militants’ attempts to stage a comeback in the country, reports pointed to their receiving strong support on the part of the Israeli regime, Turkey, and some Western states, which have been acting as the main backers of anti-Damascus outfits since the outbreak of foreign-backed militancy in Syria in 2011.

Pouncing on the heightened chaos in the Arab country, the Israeli regime launched a ground offensive in Syria's southwest and targeted various areas with a fusillade of missiles.

The Israeli military claimed to have destroyed up to 80 percent of Syria’s military capabilities in what it bragged to be one of the largest offensive operations in the illegal regime’s history.

Iran maintained an advisory mission in Syria at the request of Damascus with the aim of helping the war-torn Arab country get rid of the foreign-backed militants.

In 2017, Iran’s advisory assistance helped Syria defeat the Daesh terrorist group.

Ethiopia, South Africa Cement Ties on Education, Human Resource Development

December 10, 2024

ADDIS ABABA– Ethiopia and South Africa are collaborating on education sector, playing key role in human resource capacity development which is essential for sustaining countries growth trajectory.

The above was mentioned during the graduation ceremony of the university of Ethiopia Regional Learning Center (UNISA) recently.

In her opening remarks, the Republic of South Africa Higher Education and Training Deputy Minister Mimmy Gondwe (PhD)mentioned that the agreement between UNISA and Ethiopia is one of the flagship programs of the bilateral cooperation between the two countries.

Highlighting the Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) between the two countries on Education that was renewed in 2013 and 2020, she noted that the collaboration of countries higher learning institution is a testament to the success of the MoU which is said to continue registering great triumphs of the required outcomes in many academic fields.

Since UNISA’s establishment in Addis Ababa in 2008, this institution has been on an upward trajectory. In this respect, UNISA has produced 968 graduates, of which 454 were Doctoral degrees and 367 Masters Degrees as of December 2022, as to her.

Moreover, in 2023 the total number of graduates from UNISA Ethiopia stood at 1,037. To date, UNISA has produced another 62 postgraduates. Among these, 59 have earned PhD degrees and 3 have earned Master’s degrees. These academic achievements continue to demonstrate UNISA’s positive impact on human capital development in various fields in Ethiopia and on the continent.

“The graduates of UNISA Ethiopia continue to play pivotal role in our society. Some of the graduates are professors in Ethiopia and beyond, whilst others are occupying high ranking positions in government and in the private sector, with some playing important roles in international organizations and in diplomatic missions.”

She went on saying: Both of our nations continue to face high rates of unemployment, poverty, and inequality. However, the achievement of student’s today gives me hope for a brighter tomorrow.

UNISA Principal and Vice Chancellor Prof. Puleng LenkaBula on her part highlighted that this year’s graduation ceremony was an extraordinary one as it is taking place where South Africans are celebrating their 30years of Freedom and Democracy.

“It is the year which we mark 30years since the re-establishment of bilateral relation between the two sisterly countries under the new democratic dispensation in South Africa and 17years since the establishment of the UNISA.”

She added that UNISA, over the past 17 years, has produced more than a thousand Masters and Doctoral graduates through UNISA in which most of them are making significant contribution in the development of Ethiopia in public, private academic and other sectors of the society.

BY BETELHEM BEDLU

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD TUESDAY 10 DECEMBER 2024

Ethiopia’s Federalism: Pillar of Unity, Sustainable Development

December 10, 2024

Ethiopia, a nation rich in multicultural and multilingual diversity, has long embraced a federal system to foster unity, promote equality, and drive sustainable development. Over the past three decades, federalism has played a central role in nation-building and achieving the transformative progress seen across the country.

Over the weekend, Ethiopia celebrated ‘Nations and Nationalities Day’ under the theme, “National Consensus for National Unity.” The celebration aimed to strengthen the unity and harmony among Ethiopia’s diverse cultures, showcasing the federal system’s ability to bring various nations and nationalities together.

Speaking to the Ethiopian Press Agency (EPA), Deputy Speaker of the House of Federation, Zehara Humed, emphasized that federalism is the cornerstone of Ethiopia’s transformation into a democratic and inclusive society. She highlighted that federalism is vital for inclusive participation and equitable development, as it ensures that all citizens contribute to shaping the nation’s future. The ongoing reform process has moved away from a previously centralized political structure dominated by a few parties, embracing a more inclusive and democratic framework.

“Federalism is the right political framework to ensure inclusive involvement and foster a more united Ethiopia,” Zehara stated. She stressed the need for coordinated efforts among all stakeholders to reinforce the federal system, which promotes unity among Ethiopia’s diverse nations and nationalities.

Echoing this sentiment, Haileyesus Taye (PhD), Director General of the Center for Constitution and Federalism Training, noted that federalism is particularly well-suited for Ethiopia, as it addresses the demands of its ethnically diverse society. He explained that federalism excels at accommodating broader group interests while ensuring equality and providing equal benefits under a unified framework. However, he cautioned that mismanagement of the system could pose risks to national cohesion and even lead to disintegration.

Citing examples from around the world, Haileyesus pointed out that countries like Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, and India have successfully implemented federalism, achieving growth and unity. Conversely, nations such as Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia failed due to poor governance, underscoring the importance of effective management.

Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) researcher Misganaw Markos highlighted the opportunities federalism provides, including education in native languages and the preservation of cultural identities. The system also ensures balanced and equitable representation, enabling all ethnic groups to influence the nation’s future and secure their fair share of national progress.

Ethiopia’s federal system remains a progressive framework designed to balance regional and national interests, fostering equality and unity in the face of diversity. It serves as a critical tool in Ethiopia’s journey toward sustainable development and prosperity.

BY HAILE DEMEKE

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD TUESDAY 10 DECEMBER 2024

 Aviation University Fulfilling Pan-Africanism Commitment: Acting President

December 8, 2024

Graduates 450 professionals

ADDIS ABABA – Ethiopian Aviation University said that it has been fulfilling Ethiopia’s Pan-Africanism commitment to developing the continent’s aviation industry.

The Ethiopian Aviation University yesterday graduated 450 professionals specialized in various aviation fields including pilots, cabin crew, aircraft technicians, and finance specialists. The diverse group of graduates hails from 12 countries including Ethiopia completing their rigorous training.

Among the graduates, 115 pilots, 123 flight attendants, 84 maintenance specialists, and 128 commercial professionals.

Speaking at the ceremony, University Acting President Kassie Yimam said that  Ethiopian Airlines Group has always been a symbol of African unity promoting trade, tourism and connections across borders. The university as part of the group shares this visionary mission.

“Today’s graduates are the exceptional for this Pan-Africanism dream. Young African leaders are ready to share the future foundation for our continent Africa.” The University has been receipting Pan-Africanism commitment to developing the continent’s aviation industry, he said.

According to the Acting President, the aviation is not just a job; it is a way of life. It demands more than just competence, knowledge, skill and attitude. It requires commitment, safety, discipline, decision, integrity and above all a deep sense of responsibility. Not only responsibility, it also offers something extraordinary opportunities beyond measures.

For his part, School Head Tilahun Derbe emphasized the dynamic nature of the aviation industry, highlighting the need for both technical expertise and a commitment to safety and excellence. “Over the past months, the graduates transformed that uncertainty into confidence, and those classrooms into launch pads for their dreams. They navigated through rigorous training, late-night study sessions and countless hours of practice.”

The event was graced by distinguished guests, including Adamu Tadelle, representative of Ethiopian Airlines Group, ambassadors, diplomats, parents of the graduates, and other dignitaries, it was learnt.

BY TSEGAYE TILAHUN

The Ethiopian Herald December 8/2024

Federalism: Means to Unity, Democratic Transformation

December 8, 2024

ADDIS ABABA – Federalism is the cornerstone of Ethiopia’s transformation into a democratic and inclusive nation, disclosed Deputy Speaker of the House of Federation Zehara Humed.

Speaking to the Ethiopian Press Agency (EPA), she explained how the reform process has moved away from the previous political structure dominated by just four parties, embracing a federal system that guarantees wider participation and fosters a more democratic Ethiopia. According to her, federalism is the right political framework to ensure inclusive involvement, enabling all citizens to take part in shaping the nation’s future.

Zehara emphasized that implementing federalism requires the coordinated efforts of all relevant parties. She called for reinforcing multinational federalism as the appropriate system for Ethiopia, one that ensures unity among the country’s diverse nationalities. “We must reinforce multinational federalism, which is the right system for our country and promotes multi-national unity,” she stated.

Zehara also underscored the importance of tolerance and respect for differing views, noting that achieving shared objectives and collective prosperity demands collaborative efforts. In her remarks on Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Day, she highlighted the need to confront divisive elements and strive for genuine federalism while strengthening both national and multinational unity.

The deputy speaker pointed out that achieving national consensus is pivotal for ensuring unity among Ethiopia’s diverse nationalities. Federalism, she argued, is essential to creating a strong, prosperous nation that reflects the vision of unity and collective growth. She urged all Ethiopians to focus on commonalities and work towards bridging societal divisions.

The government, Zehara added, is working diligently to strengthen federalism while fostering unity and harmony across the country. She noted that prior to the reform process, power had been concentrated in the hands of four parties, marginalizing the voices of Ethiopia’s multinational society.

The reforms, however, have created an environment where all citizens can participate equally in national matters and contribute to building a shared future. “Ethiopia is our homeland, and we must all have a stake in it and benefit equally. The reform process has enabled everyone to participate equally in national matters and contribute to building a common nation that benefits all,” she said.

She also explained how the reform initiative addresses constitutional and structural challenges, fostering trust among all states and communities in the government’s commitment to equality and inclusiveness. Zehara emphasized that Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Day, now in its 19th year, will be a vibrant celebration aimed at strengthening national unity.

The House of Federation announced that this year’s celebration will be held under the theme, “National Consensus for National Unity.” By emphasizing federalism as a tool for inclusive participation and equitable development, Ethiopia aims to lay the groundwork for a stronger and more united nation, ensuring that every citizen has a role in shaping the country’s future.

BY HAILE DEMEKE

The Ethiopian Herald December 8/2024

Addis to Host Upcoming AU Summit with Grand Hospitality

December 12, 2024

ADDIS ABABA–The Ethiopian Tourism and Hotel Market Association has announced its readiness to host guests for the upcoming African Union (AU) annual summit, with enhanced hospitality services and unique cultural experiences.

Speaking to The Ethiopian Herald, the Association’s President, Getahun Alemu, revealed that discussions on welcoming protocols and hotel services have been held with the Office of the Prime Minister. “This year’s hospitality services aim to be more attractive, with hotels incorporating unique experiences such as Ethiopian coffee ceremonies and cultural performances,” he said.

Getahun noted that the Association plays a vital role in facilitating guest experiences, as its members are key players in the hospitality sector. Hotels in Addis Ababa have been encouraged to invest in service quality, sustainability, and guest satisfaction. “We

are putting significant effort into creating an environment that ensures seamless marketing and guest satisfaction,” he added.

AU guests are also being encouraged to explore Addis Ababa’s growing tourist attractions, particularly those developed under the city’s corridor project. Specially trained tour guides will be available to provide in-depth insights into the city’s landmarks and its evolving tourism destinations.

“Visitors will be briefed on completed and upcoming tourism projects, which will help promote Addis Ababa as a thriving destination,” Getahun explained.

The Association is collaborating closely with the government to enhance the capacity and cooperation of tourism and hospitality service providers. “We are strengthening partnerships among stakeholders to ensure a successful hosting experience,” he emphasized.

Meanwhile, the National Committee for the Preparation of the African Union Summit, led by State Minister for Foreign Affairs Birtukan Ayano (Amb.), is overseeing the preparations. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA), the committee comprises representatives from various institutions who are monitoring and evaluating the progress.

MoFA Spokesperson Nebiyat Getachew (Amb.) told journalists that this year’s summit will reflect the city’s enhanced tourism infrastructure and improved hospitality services.

BY YESUF ENDRIS

The Ethiopian Herald December 12/2024

Ethiopia Hosts Talent Cloud Summit to Shape Africa’s Gig Economy

December 12, 2024

ADDIS ABABA– As the gig economy becomes a critical driver of employment opportunities across Africa, Ethiopia is taking a leading role in this transformative movement, according to the Ministry of Labor and Skills (MoLS).

The Talent Cloud Summit, a pivotal event aimed at shaping the future of gig work in Africa, was launched yesterday in Addis Ababa.

During the event, MoLS State Minister Solomon Soka highlighted the importance of leveraging technology to connect freelancers with job opportunities, improve payment systems, and enhance skills training. The summit is intended to serve as a platform for discussing the future of gig work across the continent, particularly the innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile applications that are shaping the future of Africa’s gig economy.

“The gig economy has become a critical driver of employment opportunities across Africa, and Ethiopia stands at the forefront of this transformative movement,” said Solomon. He added that the summit provides a unique opportunity to shape policies, build partnerships, and create a supportive ecosystem for freelancers and gig workers.

Gebeya’s Chief Impact Officer Menna Tafesse explained how Gebeya empowers organizations to build, manage, and scale ecosystems of top global talent. “Through our configurable, no-code Talent Clouds, companies can source, vet, qualify, and engage with a global network of professionals tailored to their specific needs,” she said.

Gebeya’s CEO Amadou Daffe, expressed his excitement about bringing the event to Addis Ababa. “We are happy to unite key stakeholders in shaping the future of freelancing in Africa,” he said. “This summit underscores our commitment to empowering African talent through technology, policy support, and innovation.”

The launch event was attended by representatives from the United Nations International Trade Centre (UNITC), the Ministry of Labor and Skills, and the National Technology and Innovation Fund for Ventures (NTFV). The summit brought together policymakers, industry leaders, freelancers, gig workers, and platform founders to discuss the evolving dynamics of freelancing in Africa and its significant impact on the workforce. Gebeya is a leading Talent Cloud company in Ethiopia.

BY NAOL GIRMA

The Ethiopian Herald December 12/2024

Bureau to Reinforce Efforts to Curb Violence Against Women

December 11, 2024

ADDIS ABABA – The struggle to stop violence against women and children will remain robust, Addis Ababa’s Women, Children and Social Affairs Bureau, said while concluding a 16-day global activism against gender-based violence.

Speaking at the closing event yesterday, Bureau Deputy Head Zinash Ketema stated that sexual violence against women is a violation of human rights so that all sections of the society should condemn and stop it with joined hands.

Mentioning that sexual violence weakens the country’s productivity and deprives women of their rights and benefits, Zinash said that in addition to the activities of the bureau, citizens should actively respond every violence against women and girls as if it inflicted towards them.

In particular, the Deputy Head suggested that religious leaders should play their part in creating awareness to the community about the extreme impacts of gender-based violence.

“We should stand together to condemn violence against women and girls to get justice,”she said, adding that her bureau is working to prevent the crimes by establishing anti-violence committees in all sub-districts in the capital.

According to her, gender-based physical, sexual, psychological violence is causing psychological and social problems.

Zinash stated that the bureau is undertaking awareness raising activities for the last 16consecutive days as part of the global activism against gender-based violence.

“We all should do our parts by standing together for justice and condemning violence against women to build a generation that hates crimes against women and girls,” she noted.

The efforts to create awareness at the family and community level will continue to be strengthened to prevent gender-based sexual violence sustainably, the Deputy Head stressed.

BY ESSEYE MENGISTE

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD WEDNESDAY 11 DECEMBER 2024

President Appeals to Youth on Spearheading Anti-corruption Sweep

December 12, 2024

ADDIS ABABA–President Taye Atske-Selassie emphasized the role of youth in the fight against corruption, advocating for an education system that fosters strong moral values and social responsibility.

Speaking during the closing ceremony of the 21st International Anti-Corruption Day held yesterday at the Adwa Victory Memorial Museum, the President urged schools to cultivate a generation that champions integrity and actively promotes ethical behavior and transparency.“We need to instill accountability, responsibility, and fairness in the hearts of our youth, empowering them to lead their communities with integrity,” he remarked.

President Taye further highlighted the need for a dedicated media landscape to facilitate open discussions about corruption, which he described as essential for addressing the issue effectively.

The President has also described corruption as a “pervasive disease” that threatens national development and perpetuates poverty. According to him, corruption operates like a deeply entrenched network, hindering progress and undermining public trust. He called for transparency, accountability, and tangible actions to address this issue, urging the nation to go beyond rhetoric.

The President warned that if corruption escalates unchecked, it poses a severe threat to the very foundation of society, destabilizing systems, eroding trust in institutions, and potentially leading to national disintegration. “It is vital that we dismantle the networks of corruption that stifle our potential and work towards a future where integrity and justice prevail. This is the only way to pave the path for sustainable development and uplift our nation from the grips of poverty,” he stated.

Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission Commissioner, Samuel Urkato (PhD), also underscored the grave impact of corruption, calling it the “main enemy of development, equality, and justice.” He urged all Ethiopians to fight corruption with determination and consistency to bring about lasting solutions. “Institutions must reform their practices related to corruption to ensure proper resource utilization and achieve the nation’s development goals,” he said.

Samuel acknowledged that corruption has plagued Ethiopia for decades and stressed the need for long-term, sustainable solutions. “In the Ethiopian context, corruption has existed with us for many years, and we need to struggle in a consistent and committed manner to ensure a sustainable solution for future generations,” he said. The commissioner also emphasized the importance of building advanced service systems that empower youth to combat corruption effectively while focusing on enforcing laws, investigating acts of corruption, and recovering stolen property.

Samuel concluded by emphasizing the need to strengthen mechanisms to tackle corruption at all levels. He stressed that achieving Ethiopia’s development goals requires a holistic approach that includes building systems that promote accountability, enforcing the rule of law, and empowering the next generation to resist corruption.

The 21st International Anti-Corruption Day was celebrated across the country under the theme “Youth-Centered Anti-Corruption Struggle: Builds Tomorrow’s Personality.”

BY MISGANAW ASNAKE

The Ethiopian Herald December 12/2024

New President Sworn in as Somaliland Seeks International Standing

Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, center, casts his vote inside a polling station during the presidential election in Hargeisa, Somaliland, Wednesday, Nov. 13,2024.

By Dominic Wabwireh with AP

Somaliland, the breakaway region of Somalia, inaugurated its new president following last month's election, which strengthened its quest for international recognition.

This event occurred just a day after Somalia and Ethiopia reached an agreement in Turkey to engage in "technical talks" regarding a dispute arising from a deal between Somaliland and Ethiopia.

As the sixth president of Somaliland, Abdullahi, sets the record straight during his inaugural speech

Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, the President of Somaliland, stated that "My new government's first job is to renew its relations with the rest of the world in order for us to be able to create a new Somaliland that will help the security of the entire region, including the Red Sea."

Abdullahi, 69, from the opposition Waddani Party, won over 50% of the votes in the presidential election held on November 13, defeating Bihi, who was aiming for a second term after seven years in office.

The electoral commission verified the results, emphasizing the significant voter turnout and the peaceful nature of the election as evidence of Somaliland's democratic strength.

Richard H. Riley, the U.S. ambassador to Somalia, conveyed, "On behalf of the United States of America and President Joseph Biden and all of the American people, we want to extend to you our warmest congratulations on this event today... on behalf of the entire diplomatic service corps here in Somaliland... I can convey to you on their behalf... their warmest congratulations as well. You have many friends in the international community."

Somaliland declared independence from Somalia over 30 years ago, yet it remains unrecognized by the African Union, the United Nations, or any other nation as a sovereign state.

Somalia continues to view Somaliland as part of its territory.

Throughout the years, Somaliland has been praised for its stable political climate, which stands in stark contrast to Somalia’s persistent issues with violence, particularly from the al-Qaida-affiliated militant group al-Shabab.

Since 1991, Somaliland has operated its own government, currency, and security forces.

In its pursuit of international recognition, Somaliland entered into a memorandum of understanding with Ethiopia in January to lease coastal land for a marine base.

In exchange, Ethiopia would acknowledge Somaliland’s independence, a move that Somalia claims violates its sovereignty.

This agreement became a significant topic during Somaliland’s election campaign, with Abdullahi criticizing it for a perceived lack of transparency.

He has vowed to reassess such agreements to ensure they serve Somaliland’s strategic interests and its aspirations for recognition.

Abdullahi’s leadership is now tasked with tackling the clashes in Somaliland's Sool region, and the pursuit of international recognition, alongside a reassessment of its regional agreements, notably with Ethiopia.

French Military Begins Withdrawal from Chad

Following other Sahel states in West Africa the government is seeking to enhance its national security 

By Abayomi Azikiwe, Editor, Pan-African News Wire

Wednesday December 11, 2024

Geostrategic Analysis

Yet another African state has broken its military agreements with the former colonial power of France.

Chad, an oil-rich country bordering West and North Africa, has been a longtime ally of Paris plagued by decades of instability due to factional and regional disputes.

On December 10, the French military began to pull out its troops furthering the rapidly declining relationship between the two countries. This process follows similar policy shifts in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger which have formed a new Alliance of Sahel States (AES). 

Two Mirage fighter jets flew out of a military base in the country representing the initial phase of the withdrawal of French troops which are stationed inside Chad. The troops have been there under the guise of assisting the government in a protracted war against rebels which have for years challenged the authority of President Mahamat Deby Itno.

Deby took over in 2021 after his father, Idris Deby Itno, was killed on the battlefield in a military operation against rebels. The current leader assumed control of the state after the former president’s assassination. His position was supposed to last for 18 months. Nonetheless, after the transitional period expired, Deby extended his governance for another five years.

Although there were opposition forces which protested the extension of Deby’s rule, obviously many Chadians continue to support the current administration. The growing anti-imperialist sentiment in various African states in the western region has played a role in the consolidation of support for the government. 

The relatively strong presence and partnership between Chad and successive French governments are being reversed as more people across the region question the viability of numerous military and economic agreements. In Niger, for example, the CNSP administration which took power in a military coup on July 26, 2023, has expelled French and United States troops while breaking an agreement related to its uranium deposits which had left France with virtual control of this valuable natural resource.

On December 6, hundreds of people demonstrated against the continuing French military presence in Chad. The capital of N’Djamena was the scene of the protests which targeted the French embassy and other symbols of the colonial legacy of the country including a military base.

The Associated Press reported on the manifestation saying:

“Protesters in the capital, N’Djamena, chanted ‘Chad for us, France out!’ with some holding banners that read, ‘We do not want to see a single French person in Chad.’ Last week, Chad said in a statement it would end a defense cooperation agreement with France to redefine its strategic partnerships in line with national priorities. France has maintained about 1,000 troops in Chad. The statement didn’t specify when they have to leave. Some protesters on Friday went to a military airbase where French soldiers are stationed and called for their departure. Others gathered in front of the French embassy, which was under increased protection from the Chadian army.” (https://apnews.com/article/chad-protest-france-military-agreement-0436a6c9a914c0dd007d603e279e44c8)

The Role France and the United States in the Sahel

Over the last decade the Group of Five (G5) in the Sahel region was organized and coordinated by France ostensibly to fight the growing “Islamic terrorist” threat in the region. The G5 Sahel consisted of Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Mauritania. 

However, the efforts of the G5 did not result in the decline of rebel activity. In fact, the overall situation worsened where millions of civilians were traumatized and displaced. Thousands of civilians and military personnel were killed and wounded since the French-backed purportedly “anti-terrorism” campaign was initiated.

The G5 resembled the United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) which has followed a similar trajectory. AFRICOM was officially launched in early 2008 under the administration of then President George W. Bush, Jr. The purpose as articulated by the Bush administration was to assist the African Union (AU) member-states to enhance their security capacity through Pentagon military training and joint exercises on the continent. 

In reality the AFRICOM forces working in conjunction with the State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sought to weaken and destabilize African states. The first full-fledged AFRICOM project was the destruction of the North African state of Libya, then the most prosperous country on the continent.

Former Libya leader Col. Muammar Gaddafi had come to power in a revolutionary coup led by junior officers in 1969. During the course of the Libyan Al-Fateh Revolution, the country through its oil and natural gas resources was able to build up the country as a powerhouse for Pan-African unity and development. Gaddafi had served as the Chairman of the AU representing the continental body at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2009. 

Since the Pentagon-CIA-NATO overthrow of the Jamahiriya in Libya in 2011, the country remains divided as its standard of living has declined precipitously. Libya has never recaptured its political status which was recognized throughout Africa and internationally. 

Since the fall of the Libyan government thirteen years ago, instability has increased throughout West and North Africa. These countries where rebels are engaged in operations against the national military forces and the civilian populations includes Mali, Chad, Burkina Faso and Niger. 

The Libyan government under Gaddafi during 1983-84 intervened in Chad to support a patriotic coalition calling itself the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT). The grouping opposed French and U.S. domination of the country led then by Hissene Habre. 

As more territory was liberated by GUNT, France with the full backing of Washington then under President Ronald Reagan, sent thousands of troops to bolster the pro-imperialist forces. France had not mobilized its troops in Africa to that degree since the Algerian War of Liberation (1954-1962). Then President Francois Mitterrand of France was forced to negotiate a temporary settlement with Libya resulting in a de facto partition of Chad.

Eventually Libya withdrew its forces and the situation in Chad remained contested. Since the assassination of Idris Deby Itno three years ago, a loyal ally of France and the U.S., the current administration appears to be more inclined to establish security agreements with the Russian Federation. 

The French-led G5 was officially liquated after all of its affiliates with the exception of Mauritania resigned from the military alliance. These events illustrate that the neo-colonial model of international relations between Africa and the imperialist states is in serious crisis. (https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20231206-last-g5-sahel-members-chad-mauritania-acknowledge-alliance-is-a-spent-force)

What is at Stake in Chad?

Chad has been a heavily coveted state due to its strategic geographic location within Africa as well as the natural resources found under its soil. Despite this growing economic potential, the people of the country are listed as some of the most underdeveloped internationally.

One reference source on the material wealth of Chad points out that:

“Historically, Chad’s principal mineral resource was natron (a complex sodium carbonate), which is dug up in the Lake Chad and Borkou areas and is used as salt and in the preparation of soap and medicines. The discovery of oil north of Lake Chad led to further exploration and development, and in 2003 Chad began producing oil, which quickly became the country’s most important resource and export. There are deposits of gold located in various parts of Chad, including those mined in the southwestern part of the country. Other mineral deposits include uranium, titanium, and bauxite.” (https://www.britannica.com/place/Chad/Resources)

The petroleum industry has been largely controlled by a consortium under U.S. leadership through multinational corporations such as ExxonMobil and Chevron. Since Chad is a landlocked state, the oil is extracted and sent out of the country by a pipeline which travels through neighboring Cameroun. 

In order for the people to benefit from the extractive industries, society will have to be organized along the lines of the interests of the masses of workers and farmers. The wealth which is generated within Chad should all go towards the rebuilding of the state based upon the national and regional unity of the people. 

Geopolitics and Imperialism

The former colonizing and contemporary neo-colonizing countries will develop renewed tactics to reassert their imperialist domination over those African states severing military and economic ties. These trends away from the dependence upon France and the U.S. are speaking directly to the objective conditions prevailing on the continent where only the realization of self-determination, sovereignty and social emancipation can resolve the crises of inequality and underdevelopment. 

Recent events in Syria provide a profound lesson on the willingness of the forces of settler-colonialism and imperialism to undermine and destroy any coordinated resistance movement. Such attempts may not be far away in the Sahel and neighboring regions. 

On the same day that Chad announced the departure of French troops, Senegal declared its intention of following the same policy. Middle East Eye wrote on this phenomenon noting: 

“Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, who won elections in March, called for the removal of French military bases from Senegal. ‘Senegal is an independent country; it is a sovereign country, and sovereignty does not accept the presence of military bases in a sovereign country,’ Faye stated.” (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/chad-and-senegal-end-military-ties-paris-what-next-france-sahel)

These statements are in sync with the broader international movement toward operational solidarity among the peoples of the Global South. The realization of unity between the developing countries alongside the working and oppressed peoples within the imperialist states can create the conditions for a just and equitable world system. 

Iranian FM Calls for Regional Unity to Halt Israeli Attacks on Syria

By Al Mayadeen English

11 Dec 2024 22:35

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi underlines the need for regional unity in the face of the Israeli occupation's aggression on Syria.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi highlighted the urgency of "immediate and effective mobilization of regional countries and their unity" to halt Israeli aggression and the destruction of Syria.

Araghchi stated that the Israeli regime has "moved to destroy almost every defense-related as well as civilian infrastructure in Syria" and has "occupied further Syrian territory in violation of the 1974 disengagement agreement and UN Security Council Resolution 350."

He criticized the UN Security Council for failing to act decisively, saying, "The UN Security Council—which has primary responsibility to stop unlawful aggression—is reduced to a handcuffed observer thanks to US obstruction."

Araghchi emphasized that "Syria's neighbors, as well as the Arab and Muslim worlds and indeed every UN member state that cares for rule of law, the fundamental principles of the UN Charter and international law, cannot afford to remain indifferent."

The Israeli military has claimed significant success in dismantling the Syrian Arab Army's strategic capabilities during a massive aerial campaign, described as one of the largest operations in the Israeli occupation's history.

According to Israeli media, including Walla and Maariv, the offensive, dubbed Operation Bashan Arrow, targeted Syria's strategic weapons stockpiles over the past 48 hours. Estimates indicate that 70-80% of the Syrian army's military infrastructure has been destroyed.

The Walla news site reported that rebuilding the Syrian military will require "hundreds of billions of dollars" and could take an entire generation. The report highlighted that the Syrian army, once considered a formidable force, has now been substantially weakened. Rebuilding its capabilities will depend on significant support, potentially from Iran, Russia, or the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Despite the scale of the destruction, the report cautioned that Syria could still pose a security threat in the coming years.

Meanwhile, Maariv detailed that approximately 400 strategic targets were struck during the two-day assault, which aimed to systematically dismantle Syria's air force and military infrastructure. Israeli Air Force sources suggested that these attacks may continue in the coming days.

Among the targets that were targeted were dozens of sea-to-sea missiles with a range of between 80 and 190 km, each of which carries dozens of kilograms of explosives that threaten Israeli naval vessels, and 350 air strikes were launched targeting various types of surface-to-air missile batteries, Syrian Air Force airports, and dozens of different production site targets in the areas of Damascus, Homs, Tartus, Latakia, and Palmyra.

US, 'Israel' Orchestrated Syria Crisis, Resistance Steadfast: Khamenei

By Al Mayadeen English

11 Dec 2024 11:04

Iranian leader, Seyyed Ali Khamenei, declared that the Syrian crisis was orchestrated by American and Israeli command centers, commending the enduring strength of the Resistance across the region.

The Leader of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Seyyed Ali Khamenei, stated on Wednesday that the events in Syria were orchestrated in American and Israeli command centers.

During a speech in Tehran, Seyyed Khamenei emphasized that Iran has "evidence that leaves no room for doubt" to support this assertion.

He highlighted the role of a "neighboring country," which, according to him, "played an overt role in the events in Syria and continues to do so, as is evident to all," adding that "The primary force behind the conspiracy, the planning, and the command centers were in America and the Zionist entity."

Seyyed Khamenei affirmed that "the power of the Resistance will expand even further, encompassing the entire region," stressing that "the Resistance remains steadfast."

He said, "The more pressure it faces, the stronger it becomes. The more crimes committed against it, the greater is its legitimacy."

The Iranian leader asserted that weakening the Resistance does not equate to weakening Iran, stressing that those who think the opposite "do not understand what resistance means. I assure you, Iran is strong and resilient, and it will only grow stronger."

'The US will fail to establish a foothold in Syria' 

Addressing the events unfolding in Syria in the past few days, Seyyed Khamenei said "It is certain that these perpetrators, with their own objectives that may vary from one another, seek to occupy land in northern or southern Syria."

He pointed out that "the Americans are a party in this war that has devastated Syria, during which the Israeli entity occupied lands extending to the outskirts of Damascus," adding that they "participated in the Israeli aggression on Syria by launching airstrikes, that potentially destroyed infrastructure."

Seyyed Khamenei further explained that "the US is trying to establish a foothold in the region. Nonetheless, he reasserted that "with time, it will become clear that they will not achieve any of these goals."

He emphasized that "Resistance means confronting the United States in the region, where the people refuse to be enslaved by the Americans."

The Iranian leader proclaimed "The patriotic Syrian youth will liberate the occupied areas of Syria, with no room for doubt." 

He reiterated the historic position of the Axis of Resistance, stressing that "The US will also fail to establish a foothold, and with God's blessing, strength, and power, the Resistance Front will drive the Americans out of the region."

The Lebanese Resistance in perspective

On a parallel note, Seyyed Khamenei stated that the heavy blow Hezbollah dealt to the Israeli occupation following the martyrdom of Sayyed Hasan Nasrallah forced "Israel" to accept a ceasefire, emphasizing that "Hezbollah's iron fist has proven to be stronger, despite the unprecedented strikes against it."

He added, "Despite these blows, Hezbollah demonstrated its ability to endure and challenge the Israeli army, which failed to achieve its objectives."

Seyyed Khamenei further explained that "Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Palestinian factions have resisted despite pressures and conspiracies," pointing out that the people of the region have proven their steadfastness alongside Palestine, even after 75 years of occupation, undermining hopes that the issue would be forgotten.

He stressed that "the crimes of the Israeli entity in Gaza, the West Bank, and Lebanon do not, in any way, signify a victory for it."

Seyyed Khamenei also described ISIS as a destabilizing bomb in the region, from Iraq to Syria, with the ultimate goal of undermining the security of the Islamic Republic. He noted that "the Iranian people take pride in their army and the Revolutionary Guard, who have faced numerous conspiracies."

'Israel' establishes 'sterile security zone' in Southern Syria

On a related note, Israeli Security Minister Israel Katz announced on Tuesday the creation of a "sterile security zone" in southern Syria to prevent "terrorist threats" to "Israel."

During a visit to the naval forces station in Haifa, Katz said the Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) are finalizing their deployment in the buffer zone along the Golan Heights.

"The Israel Defense Force is currently completing its deployment in the buffer zone and in dominant positions to protect the residents of the Golan Heights and the citizens of the state of Israel. Together with the Prime Minister, I instructed the Israel Defense Forces to create a security zone in southern Syria that is sterile from weapons and terrorist threats," Katz said.

Reports from Syria's Al-Watan newspaper suggest the IOF has moved into the south of Damascus Governorate, seizing the village of Heeneh and advancing toward Khan Alsheh in the Qatana area near the Lebanese border.

Meanwhile, Israeli Army Radio reported over 250 airstrikes targeting military assets in Syria since the recent political upheaval, including bases, fighter jets, and missile warehouses.

Syria Baath Party Announces Indefinite Suspension of Activities

By Al Mayadeen English

11 Dec 2024 23:50

The party said it will hand over all equipment and weapons to police departments.

The Baath Party announced on Wednesday that it is suspending its activities indefinitely.

"After analyzing the political, social, and economic situation, based on national interests, the leadership has made the following decision: to suspend the actions and activities of the party in all its manifestations until further notice," the party said in a statement published by Syrian newspaper Al Watan.

The statement added that the party will hand over all equipment and weapons to police departments.

"All material assets will be transferred to the disposal of the finance ministry under the patronage of the justice ministry," the statement read.

On Sunday, Syrian new regime forces captured Damascus, marking a significant turning point.

Russian officials confirmed that President Bashar Assad stepped down following negotiations with parties involved in the Syrian conflict and sought asylum in Russia.

On Tuesday, Mohammed al-Bashir, who previously led an Idlib-based administration established by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and other opposition groups, was appointed interim prime minister.

Baath Legacy

Founded in Syria in 1946, the Baath Party embraced a socialist and pan-Arab nationalist ideology, aiming to unite Arab nations under a shared cultural and political identity.

Over time, branches of the party emerged in several regional countries, including Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, and Saudi Arabia.

The Baath Party became Syria's ruling party in 1963 and held power in Iraq from the mid-1960s until the early 2000s, during which it undertook significant nation-building efforts.

Its tenure was marked by large-scale land reforms, industrialization, and the nationalization of key resources like oil, particularly in Iraq, where the nationalization of the oil industry in the 1970s spurred economic growth.

Education and literacy rates improved dramatically under its governance, bolstered by free and compulsory education systems.

In Syria, landmark projects like the Euphrates Dam revolutionized agriculture and energy production, while in Iraq, public healthcare and literacy campaigns earned international recognition.

Despite these transformative achievements, the Baath Party’s rule was characterized by authoritarianism and suppression of dissent, measures that supporters called necessary to counter the growing influence of ideologies fostered by imperialist powers to undermine Arab working-class unity, such as takfirism and salafism.

While these actions earned the party accusations of corruption and heavy-handed governance, supporters argue that they were essential to preserving the Baathist vision of a unified and self-reliant Arab nation, leaving a legacy that is both impactful and deeply contested.

Historic Reconciliation Between Ethiopia and Somalia: Erdogan

By Al Mayadeen English

According to Erdogan, Ankara's primary goal is to establish peace and stability "in this distinguished corner" of Africa between Somalia and Ethiopia.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan praised the Somalian president and Ethiopian prime minister for attaining "historic reconciliation with great dedication" during Ankara-mediated peace talks aimed at resolving their dispute over the breakaway Somaliland region.

In a joint news conference in Ankara late Thursday, Erdogan praised Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and revealed that both parties had reached an agreement on a joint declaration to conclude their disagreement.

"We have taken the first step toward a new beginning based on peace, cooperation between Somalia, Ethiopia," Erdogan stated.

Ankara's primary goal is to establish peace and stability "in this distinguished corner" of Africa between Somalia and Ethiopia, he asserted. 

Turkiye thinks Somalia and Ethiopia's agreed-upon joint declaration will lay the groundwork for future collaboration and development based on mutual respect.

Somali President Mohamud praised Turkiye's efforts to resolve the ongoing territorial and political conflict, saying his country has always been and will always be "a true friend of Ethiopia."

Ethiopian Prime Minister Ahmed also praised Turkiye's efforts, describing the Ankara-brokered peace negotiations as a "family dialogue" that resulted in a "win-win" settlement for both his nation and neighboring Somalia.

According to the Ankara Declaration, both parties agreed to begin technical discussions by the end of February 2025, with Turkiye facilitating them, and to finish them within four months.

Both parties also emphasized their support for Somalia's territorial integrity, while acknowledging Ethiopia's potential benefits from secure maritime access.

Ghana Makes History with First Woman Vice President-Elect, Prof. Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang

Ghana's vice president-elect Prof. Jane Opoku Agyemang

By Africa News

 09/12 - 11:03

Ghana has turned a new page in its democratic journey by electing Professor Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang as the nation’s first female Vice President-elect.

Running alongside President-elect John Dramani Mahama, her historic win under the National Democratic Congress (NDC) banner in the 2024 elections has been widely celebrated as a groundbreaking achievement for gender representation in Ghanaian politics.

A Trailblazer in Academia and Leadership

Born on November 22, 1951, in Cape Coast, Central Region, Prof. Opoku-Agyemang has consistently shattered barriers. A distinguished academic, she earned her Bachelor’s and Diploma in Education from the University of Cape Coast. She later pursued her Master’s and Ph.D. in English Literature at York University in Canada.

In 2008, she became the first woman to lead a public university in Ghana, serving as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cape Coast. Her tenure was marked by transformative reforms, from upgrading infrastructure to promoting gender equity within the institution.

From Academia to Politics

Prof. Opoku-Agyemang entered politics in 2013 when she was appointed Minister for Education under John Mahama’s presidency. During her time in office, significant strides were made in education, including the abolition of makeshift "schools under trees," the construction of modern facilities, and the provision of free textbooks and school uniforms.

In 2020, she made history again as the NDC’s vice-presidential candidate, becoming the first woman nominated for the position by a major political party in Ghana. Her selection symbolized a bold commitment to inclusivity and gender equality.

The Significance of Her Election

Prof. Opoku-Agyemang’s election marks a monumental step for Ghana and serves as an example for the African continent. Her expertise in education and public service positions her to champion initiatives in education reform, gender equality, and youth empowerment.

Her leadership promises to bring a fresh perspective to national policies, particularly in crafting innovative strategies to advance Ghana’s education sector. Beyond Ghana, her election is a beacon of progress for female representation in African political leadership, inspiring women across the continent to pursue roles of influence.

A Nation Celebrates

Following the election results, jubilant supporters of the NDC filled streets nationwide, celebrating this historic victory. Women across Ghana expressed pride in Prof. Opoku-Agyemang’s achievement, seeing it as a powerful affirmation of women’s leadership capabilities.

Looking Ahead

As Ghana transitions power, Prof. Opoku-Agyemang’s role will be pivotal in shaping the nation’s future. Her dedication to education, gender equality, and national unity will guide her as she takes on this groundbreaking role.

Her election is not just a win for the NDC but a triumph for all Ghanaians. It symbolizes progress, perseverance, and the promise of a more inclusive political landscape. Under the leadership of John Dramani Mahama and Prof. Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang, Ghana is poised for a future defined by unity, diversity, and inspired leadership.

Police in Kenya Hurl Tear Gas at Protesters Angry About Gender-based Violence

By EVELYNE MUSAMBI and BRIAN INGANGA

9:26 AM EST, December 10, 2024

NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — Police in Kenya’s capital hurled tear gas canisters Tuesday at hundreds of protesters angry about gender-based violence and femicide, or the killing of women, and arrested an unknown number of people.

Protesters chanting “Stop femicide” were dispersed by police in a public park in Nairobi where they had gathered and later engaged in running battles along the streets. Several protesters were injured in the confrontation Tuesday.

One activist, Mwikali Mueni, told The Associated Press that she suffered a neck injury from uniformed police officers and was heading to the hospital.

“It is very sad that I was injured while championing for women not to be injured or killed. If the president is serious about ending femicide, let him start by taking action on the officers who have brutalized us today,” she said.

Kenya has a silent epidemic of gender-based violence. Police said in October that 97 women had been killed since August, most of them by their male partners.

Last month, President William Ruto committed more than $700,000 for a campaign to end femicide after meeting with elected female leaders.

A U.N. report released in November to mark the start of a separate 16-day global campaign said that Africa recorded the highest rate of partner-related femicide in 2023.

There has been a series of anti-femicide protests in Kenya and on Nov. 25 during the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, police used tear gas to disperse a handful of protesters who had braved the bad weather.

Kenya was among several African countries elected to the U.N. human rights council on Oct. 9.

The police crackdown on protesters on Tuesday during Human Rights Day has been criticized by activists.

“Why are we being beaten and tear-gassed, yet we are peaceful? We will keep coming to the streets till the day women will stop being slaughtered like animals,” activist Mariam Chande told journalists.

Activists questioned how law enforcement agencies have handled femicide cases, protesting the escape from police cells of a suspect who confessed to killing 42 women after dismembered bodies were found stuffed in plastic sacks and dumped in a flooded quarry.

Ethiopia and Somalia Agree to Hold ‘Technical Talks’ over Breakaway Somaliland Region

A woman displays the Somaliland flag as people queue to cast their votes during the 2024 Somaliland presidential election at a polling station in Hargeisa, Somaliland, Wednesday, Nov. 13,2024. (AP Photo/Abdirahman Aleeli)

By SUZAN FRASER

5:58 PM EST, December 11, 2024

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) — Ethiopia and Somalia agreed on Wednesday to hold “technical talks” to resolve a dispute sparked by Ethiopia’s deal with Somalia’s breakaway region of Somaliland, according to a statement following talks in Turkey.

Turkey has been mediating between the two east African countries as tensions between them have simmered since Ethiopia signed a memorandum of understanding with Somaliland in January to lease land along its coastline to establish a marine force base. In return, Ethiopia would recognize Somaliland’s independence, which Somalia says infringes on its sovereignty and territory.

A joint declaration was reached after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan met separately with Somali President Hassan Sheik Mohamud and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed on Wednesday.

It says the sides agreed the talks, which would begin by February 2025 and conclude within four months, would respect Somalia’s territorial integrity while recognizing “potential benefits” of Ethiopia’s access to the sea.

The declaration also says the sides would work to “finalize mutually advantageous commercial arrangements” to allow Ethiopia “to enjoy reliable, secure and sustainable access to and from the sea,” under Somalia sovereignity.

Somaliland seceded from Somalia more than 30 years ago, but is not recognized by the African Union or the United Nations as an independent state. Somalia still considers Somaliland part of its territory.

Over the years, Somaliland has built a stable political environment, contrasting sharply with Somalia’s ongoing struggles with insecurity amid deadly attacks by al-Qaida-linked militant group al-Shabab. In November, Somaliland held a presidential election that gave a boost for its push for international recognition.

With a population estimated at over 120 million, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world.

Turkey has previously hosted two rounds of talks between the African nations’ foreign ministers but a third round, expected in September, was delayed, raising concerns of escalating tensions.

Erdogan, flanked by Mohamud and Abiy, told reporters at a late night news conference in the Turkish capital, Ankara, that the sides have reached an “important stage” in efforts to solve their dispute. The joint declaration, Erdogan said, focuses “on the future and not the past.”

“By overcoming some resentments and misunderstandings, we have taken the first step toward a new beginning based on peace and cooperation between Somalia and Ethiopia,” Erdogan continued. He also said he hoped Somalia would take steps to give Ethiopia sea access.

Abiy, the Ethiopian prime minister, insisted that “Ethiopia’s aspiration for secure access to the sea is a peaceful venture and one that would benefit all our neighbors.”

“I believe that today’s constructive discussions will push us into a new year with this spirit of cooperation, friendship and the willingness to work together instead of against each other,” he said.

Somalia’s president said the Horn of Africa is a “very fragile and very volatile region, which needs both Ethiopia and Somalia to work together” for the benefit of both.

Turkey has forged close ties with Somalia, and recently also signed deals toward cooperation in defense and oil and gas exploration. It also has economic and trade ties with Ethiopia.

A Somaliland opposition leader, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, who had been critical of the deal with Ethiopia, won the November election. He is to be inaugurated on Thursday.

Clashes Erupt Between Somalia’s Federal Troops and Regional Forces over a Disputed Local Election

By OMAR FARUK

12:01 PM EST, December 11, 2024

MOGADISHU, Somalia (AP) — Clashes erupted on Wednesday morning in a southern town in Somalia between the country’s federal government forces and regional troops of the state of Jubbaland amid escalating tensions over a disputed regional election there.

The hourslong fighting in the town of Raskamboni calmed by midday, officials from both sides said, the latest violence in the restive Horn of Africa long plagued by deadly attacks by Islamic extremists. Both sides accused each other of instigating the clashes.

Details of the fighting and the number of casualties remained unclear because of a telecommunications blackout imposed in the area.

The clashes underscore a deepening rift between the federal government and Jubbaland’s administration, raising fears of further instability in the strategically significant region near the Kenyan border.

Somalia’s federal forces are in the process of taking over the fight against al-Qaida-linked militant group al-Shabab from an African Union peacekeeping mission that has been in place since 2007 and whose term ends at the end of the month.

The federal government accused Jubbaland regional forces, led by Ahmed Madobe, of attacking positions on Wednesday previously held by federal troops. The positions are critical, the government said, in the fight against al-Shabab.

“These troops were preparing for operations against al-Shabaab militants,” the statement said.

Madobe was reelected for a third term in Jubbaland’s presidential election held on Nov. 25. His third term is said to be in violation of term limits set by the federal government. The opposition in Jubbaland has disputed the election results and formed a parallel government.

A new African Union mission is expected to launch in January with troops from AU contributing countries, excluding Ethiopia, with which Somalia is involved in a dispute over its breakaway region of Somaliland.

Meanwhile, Jubbaland officials accused federal forces of initiating the fighting Wednesday by targeting Jubbaland positions, alleging the federal troop deployment was part of a broader effort to undermine the regional government’s authority.

“It is unfortunate to see armies and vehicles meant to defend the country being used against its own people,” Jubbaland state deputy security minister, Adan Ahmed Haji, told a news conference in the port city of Kismayo.

Somalia’s defense ministry alleged that Madobe had coordinated his actions with al-Shabab militants, allowing Jubbaland forces to operate in areas controlled by the group.

Parents in Africa Struggle with Unpredictable School Fees that Force Children to Drop Out

By RODNEY MUHUMUZA

2:53 PM EST, December 11, 2024

KAMPALA, Uganda (AP) — The day Shalom Mirembe was sent home from school last month over unpaid tuition, her father lay dying in a hospital. Even as her mother sat by his bedside, school officials were calling and demanding payment.

For Mirembe’s mother, a shoe vendor who looks after four children, it was a heartbreaking moment in the daily struggle to pay often unpredictable and unregulated school fees. Constant threats demanding payment can leave her feeling helpless. Some officials are more tolerant, but eventually they all grow tired of her pleas.

“You have to care for this one, you have to care for the other one,” Justine Nangero said, describing a delicate balancing act to keep Mirembe and the others enrolled. “I try to fight to see that I pay to all these schools.”

It is a crushing issue for many across sub-Saharan Africa, where the lack of a few hundred dollars can determine a child’s future. The region has long had the world’s highest dropout rates. Reasons vary, but financial pain is the biggest.

Last year, the World Bank said 54% of adults in sub-Saharan Africa rank the issue of paying school fees higher than medical bills and other expenses.

It said school fees were the biggest source of financial worry for 40% of people in Uganda, where top government-funded schools now charge nearly $700 in tuition per three-month term. That’s a significant amount in this East African country where annual GDP per capita was $864 in 2023.

More than anything, it’s the unpredictable tuition hikes — for sometimes questionable reasons — that haunt parents across the country of more than 45 million people. Some critics, including Uganda’s parliament speaker, have called for regulation to protect parents from exploitation.

The Equal Opportunities Commission, a government agency that tracks inequality and discrimination, released a report in September calling for punitive measures against government-supported schools that appear to set excessive fees. It warned that arbitrarily raising fees can force children to drop out.

Attendance falls from 68% in grade school to 22% in secondary school, with financial difficulty the main reason for failure to continue studies, according to new figures from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics.

Uganda does have a program for universal secondary education, introduced in 2007 and similar to one for primary education, but such schools are often rundown and undesirable for many families. They are generally tuition-free, but parents must pay sometimes burdensome fees for uniforms, textbooks and other items.

When it comes to more popular, and more expensive, private schools, the government is not interested in price intervention, said Dennis Mugimba, a spokesman for the Ministry of Education.

Setting fees for private schools is “purely administrative and it is adjusted according to the business environment,” he said. But certain charges such as those including “capital development” should not be the responsibility of parents, he said.

Such private schools have mushroomed across Uganda and now make up the majority of the country’s schools, addressing growing demand but also emphasizing the profitability of education as a business. That worries some experts.

“We can’t let education be treated like a market stall,” said Fagil Mandy, a former inspector of schools. Education authorities should standardize regulations to make school fees universally predictable, he said.

Routine school expenses, for both private and some top government-funded schools, can include everything from a contribution towards the purchase of a bus to the procurement of laboratory equipment.

But when the list of fees includes a ream of photocopying paper or a bag of cement from each student, questions emerge about where they end up.

The school that Mirembe attends outside the capital, Kampala, charges the equivalent of $300 per term. Its officials expect 70% of fees to be paid at the beginning of a term, but many parents fail to meet that threshold.

Some, like Nangero, send their children to school having paid nothing, counting on the mercy of officials.

But measures to track payments include gate passes that show how much is owed and when, and a student may be denied entry, said Joanita Seguya, a deputy head teacher at the school, Wampewo Ntakke Secondary.

In the school of more than 2,100 students, roughly 400 are from working-class families that routinely struggle to pay fees, according to Seguya, who said the system can seem harsh.

To accommodate some parents, the school accepts in-kind payments such as vegetables and fruit, she said.

But Nangero, whose family shares a single room, has nothing of the sort to offer. Her shoe business, long drained of cash by school fees, has collapsed. The death of her husband, whose carpentry once supplemented the family income, has increased the pain.

She said anxiety over school fees is more damaging for her children, who spend days at home whenever school officials lose patience. She’s grateful that two of her sons in secondary school are now supported by an evangelical cleric — rare support made possible via contact through their religious fellowship.

The 20-year-old Mirembe, who is taking her final exams this year, was able to start the school term in September because of a bursar’s sympathy, she said, but other officials were not so lenient weeks later as her father was near death.

“At least maybe I will come and pay something tomorrow,” her mother recalled pleading with one official. “And she told me, ‘No, we are not going to allow your daughter to be here.’”

Mirembe arrived home hours before her father died.

Vincent Odoi, a teacher at her school, recalled the incident as unfortunate, saying administrators didn’t know of the family’s challenges. Mirembe was allowed to return days after her father’s burial, which some of her teachers attended.

Other families are not so fortunate.

One is a nearby family of seven children who dropped out of school in recent years for lack of tuition. Their jobless father, Moses Serikomawa, described the scramble in vain for school fees as “like a cancer. It cannot be treated.”

Raising a total of over $200 in school fees each term is too much trouble when the family sometimes lacks food, he said.

His oldest child, who would be in high school now, dropped out after completing secondary school last year. Now the boy is idle.

“The children still want to go back to school,” Serikomawa said. “When I look at my children, there is no joy, no joy at all.”

Rights Group Demands Probe of Ex-governor, 2 Army Officers in DR Congo for Possible Humanitarian Crimes

Arrested members of the Wazalendo sect are sat and lined up in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on Aug. 30, 2023. (AP Photo/Moses Sawasawa, File)

By MARK BANCHEREAU

12:04 AM EST, December 11, 2024

DAKAR, Senegal (AP) — Amnesty International called for an investigation Wednesday into a former governor and two top army officials in Congo for “possible crimes against humanity” during a deadly crackdown on demonstrators last year protesting the U.N. peacekeeping mission in the country.

The human rights group said in a report Congo’s security forces killed at least 56 people and injured 80 more, during a protest in the eastern city of Goma in August 2023.

The protest was organized by a sect called the Natural Judaic and Messianic Faith Towards the Nations and known colloquially as Wazalendo. Its supporters were demonstrating against the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Congo, called MONUSCO.

The MONUSCO force arrived in Congo in 2010 after taking over from an earlier U.N. peacekeeping mission to protect civilians and humanitarian personnel and to support the Congolese government in its stabilization and peace consolidation efforts. However, frustrated Congolese say that no one is protecting them from rebel attacks, leading to several protests against the U.N. mission.

Eastern Congo has struggled with armed violence for decades as more than 120 groups fight for power, land and valuable mineral resources, while others try to defend their communities. Some armed groups have been accused of mass killings. More than 7 million people have been displaced.

Goma’s Mayor Faustin Napenda Kapend banned the protest soon after it was announced over concerns the organizers were inciting hate and violence. Amnesty International said it found no evidence of incitement to violence in the statements and messages from the Wazalendo it reviewed.

Congolese security and defense forces amassed at major intersections in anticipation of the protest when violence broke out early in the morning. Amnesty International said it saw operational plans in which the security forces were given orders to “destroy isolated enemy elements.”

“This massacre was not the result of a blunder by a few soldiers who intervened unexpectedly after Wazalendo followers stoned a police officer, as authorities have claimed,” Tigere Chagutah, the rights group regional director for East and Southern Africa, said in the statement. “It was the result of a series of deliberate, planned actions by the Congolese authorities, after MONUSCO explicitly requested they prohibit the protest.”

Amnesty International said it traced the timeline and locations of the killings, identifying three top officials who should be investigated and, if evidence supports it, prosecuted for possible crimes against humanity. They include Lt. Gen. Constant Ndima, who was governor of the North Kivu province at the time, Col. Mike Kalamba Mikombe, who was head of the Republican Guard unit in Goma, and Maj. Peter Kabwe, who led the Republican Guard’s Special Forces.

The rights group said Ndima had directed the army and the police to “take all measures” to protect MONUSCO facilities and the city, after he informed the army and police that the Wazalendo posed a serious threat.

Mikombe was accused of ordering soldiers to open fire on the protesters, who were unarmed, according to Amnesty International and two Congolese military trials, killing dozens.

Amnesty International accused Kabwe of leading a raid on a Wazalendo radio station ahead of the protest in which six people, including a journalist, were summarily executed.

While Mikombe was convicted and sentenced to death, which the rights group said it opposed, Ndima and Kabwe have not faced justice.

“The Democratic Republic of Congo authorities must reopen the investigations into this massacre, in line with regional and international standards, to establish the truth and hold all of those involved accountable,” Chagutah said. He added that Congo’s President Felix Tshisekedi should suspend Ndima and Kabew, further investigate Mikombe, and ban the Republican Guard and Special Forces from law enforcement operations.

Authorities Say the Mystery Disease in DR Congo Might be Malaria, More Testing is Needed

A view of the general Hospital Panzi in southwestern Congo, Thursday, Nov 5, 2024. (AP Photo/Lucien Lufutu)

By JEAN-YVES KAMALE

10:51 AM EST, December 11, 2024

KINSHASA, Congo (AP) — The mystery flu-like illness that has killed dozens of people in southwest Congo in recent weeks might be malaria, according to results from laboratory samples of infected people, authorities said Wednesday.

“Of the 12 samples taken, nine were positive for malaria but these samples were not of very good quality, so we are continuing to research to find out if this is an epidemic,” Dr. Jean-Jacques Muyembe, director-general of the National Institute for Biomedical Research in Kinshasa, told The Associated Press.

“But it is very likely that it is malaria because most of the victims are children,” he added.

On Tuesday, the head of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, also said most of the samples tested positive for malaria, but noted it is possible that more than one disease was involved. He said further samples will be collected and tested.

In recent weeks, there were 416 reported cases of the mystery disease and 31 deaths from it in hospitals, WHO director-general said. There were another 44 deaths in the community, Congo’s health minister Roger Kamba said last week.

Most of the cases and deaths are in children under 14 in the remote Panzi health zone in Congo’s western Kwango province, according to the WHO.

Panzi resident Ezekiel Kasongo said his 9-year-old son was just released from the hospital after he fell sick two weeks ago.

“He had a high fever, a headache and was very weak,” Kasongo told the AP. “We were very worried because of the number of deaths, especially among children, but God be praised, he is out.”

The symptoms include fever, headache, cough and anemia. Experts from the National Rapid Response Team and WHO were in Panzi last week to take samples and investigate.

The Panzi health zone, around 435 miles (700 kilometers) from the capital, Kinshasa, is hard to access. The experts took two days to arrive, according to Congo’s health minister.

Because of the lack of local testing capacity, samples had to be taken to Kikwit, more than 500 kilometers away, the head of the National Institute for Public Health, Dieudonne Mwamba, said last week.

Panzi was hit by an epidemic of typhoid fever two years ago, and there is currently a resurgence of seasonal flu across the country, Mwamba added.

The area also has high levels of malnutrition and low vaccination coverage, leaving children vulnerable to a range of diseases including malaria, the head of the WHO said Tuesday.