Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi offers compromise at Copenhagen conference. He is asking for less money than Africa initially suggested. He is flanked by the Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt and EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.
Originally uploaded by Pan-African News Wire File Photos
The head of the African group of nations at the UN climate change conference in Copenhagen has proposed a finance deal where rich countries would pay for schemes to help poor states adapt to climate change and develop their economies using clean technology.
The proposal, from the Ethiopian prime minister, Meles Zenawi, of $50bn (£44bn) a year for poor countries by 2015 and $100bn (£89bn) by 2020, is far less than many developing nations had been calling for, but is roughly in line with a proposal in June by the UK prime minister, Gordon Brown, and an offer agreed by the EU in October.
Control over the funds would lie with the countries receiving the money. The G77 group of 130 countries, backed by the least developed countries and small island states, has long proposed that $400bn (£356bn) a year, or 1% of rich countries' GDP, would be the appropriate figure.
Meles also proposed that 50% of the fund created should be allocated to vulnerable and poor countries as well as "regions such as Africa and small island states".
In addition, he suggested that a group of high level financial experts investigate and report back within six months on possible "innovative" ways to raise the money. IMF special drawing rights, as proposed by the G77 and financier George Soros, a carbon tax, a possible "Tobin tax" on all financial transactions and even taxes on flights and shipping would all be assessed. His proposal is likely to have been largely agreed by rich countries following intense talks in the last 24 hours between Meles, Gordon Brown and other world leaders.
Meles admitted that many Africans would not be happy: "I know my proposal will disappoint those Africans who ... have asked for full compensation ... for damage done to our development prospects. My proposal dramatically scales back our expectation of the level of funding in return for more reliable funding and a seat at the table in the management of such fund."
"Because we stand to lose more than others we have to be flexible," he said, adding that there was a danger that no deal would be done. "That is not an idle threat but a solemn promise by Africa that we will strive for a fair and just deal," he said.
The influential economist, Lord Nicholas Stern, welcomed the proposal as "strong and reasonable" and "with the interests of developing countries at its heart". He said: "Of course, there will be those who say, understandably, that the plan should go further, but we are at a critical stage in the negotiations. This is a major step forward.
"The focus on new sources of finance provides confidence that new monies are genuinely new from the perspective of developing countries, and allows rich countries with very stressed public finances to explore new and internationally based sources of revenue."
Developing countries have yet to react officially to the proposal, but it was dismissed by some African MPs and many development groups.
Liz Gallagher, climate finance specialist at Cafod, said: "Such a turnaround on the level of finance being asked for by Africa points to the influence of some of the big powers behind the scenes.
"To slash the figure from $400bn to $100bn is a high-risk strategy – on the one hand Africa could be showing its willingness to compromise; but on the other it is placing its trust in the US and other developed countries to deliver. Whether this strategy is wise or naive remains to be seen."
Awudu Mbaya, president of the Pan-African Parliamentarians Network on Climate Change, said: "If Prime Minister Meles wants to sell out the lives and hopes of Africans for a pittance he is welcome to, but that is not Africa's position".
In a separate development, the UK's Department for International Development announced £50m of funding for green energy projects in developing countries. The "Scaling-up Renewable Energy Programme" is administered by the World Bank and will focus on deploying renewable energy in a small number of low-income countries. On Monday, the US pledged £31m to the same fund, which with the UK contribution now stands at over £153m.
Climate talks resuming after row
By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News website, Copenhagen
Formal negotiations have re-opened at the UN climate summit in Copenhagen after a delay of nine hours.
The hold-up was caused by wrangles over the texts to be used as the basis for the talks.
Beneath the dispute lies a long-running accusation from developing countries that the Danish hosts are trying to sideline their concerns.
New funds have been pledged, notably by Japan which will provide $5bn a year to poor nations if a deal is reached.
Earlier, police clashed with protesters who stormed barricades around Copenhagen's Bella Centre.
Campaign groups have been angered about restrictions on access to the talks, and by the glacial progress of negotiations.
But Japan's pledge ramps up significantly the amount of "fast start" money on the table.
Its $5bn per year - payable from 2010-2012 - adds to the £3.5bn per year commitment made by EU leaders at their summit last week.
But it will only kick in "on the condition that successful political accord is achieved... that is a fair and effective framework with participation of all major emitting countries and agreement of their most ambitious targets".
Japan has been especially determined that emission curbs from major developing countries should be legally binding.
China, its big regional economic rival, is adamantly opposed.
Another pledge came from a six-member group - Australia, France, Japan, Norway, the UK and US - which will collectively commit $3.5bn over three years to combating deforestation - again, "in the context of an ambitious and comprehensive outcome in Copenhagen".
The UK commitment will come from its component of the EU's $3.5bn per year.
Columbian Environment Minister Carlos Costa, whose country would benefit from such an initiative, said: "We welcome initiatives such as this one that provides prompt start finance that will allow developing countries, and their communities, to start work on the ground."
Continuing divide
The formal negotiations, which were due to start at 1300 local time, eventually got underway at 2200 - a delay caused by the Danish hosts angering developing countries by trying to introduce new documents as the basis for negotiations.
Developing countries insisted on using documents that have come out of negotiations that have been going on for most of the year.
The new Danish texts were reportedly shown to a few key delegations and rejected out of hand. Delegates waited in the conference hall with no information about when the session would begin.
The issue illustrates the continuing divide between rich and poor blocs here, with developing countries repeatedly accusing the Danes of trying to impose a shape on the summit that will lead to the outcome desired by developed nations.
Towards the end of the evening, a group of about 30 protesters were preparing to spend the night in the centre, apparently with the blessing of security guards.
During the day, police detained more than 240 protesters during the clashes, which led to injuries on both sides.
In the main hall, meanwhile, a succession of presidents and prime ministers made set-piece speeches.
Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi gave some details of a proposal - drawn up with substantial French involvement - aimed at breaking the impasse here.
"Every one of us knows that Africa has contributed virtually nothing to global warming but has been hit first and hardest," he said.
Mr Zenawi related some elements of his proposal, including that the sum of $50bn per year by 2015 and $100bn per year by 2020 should be raised for poorer countries through "creative financing mechanisms" such as taxes on financial transactions and aviation fuel.
He acknowledged that he knew his proposal "would disappoint those Africans who from the point of view of justice have asked for full compensation for the damage done to our development prospects".
It certainly infuriated the African group of negotiators, because it also endorsed positions that most African countries oppose - notably, a target for maximum temperature rise of 2C (the G8 and EU target), whereas most African governments are committed to 1.5C.
It is not clear whether his proposal has support from other African leaders, however, or from further across the community of poor vulnerable countries such as small island states.
Lord Stern, who has had a strong hand in developing the proposal, said it was "strong and reasonable".
"The rich countries should give their strong support to the Meles plan, which has been put forward by an African leader with the interests of developing countries at its heart."
Worst impacts
Other speeches exemplified the fault lines running through the process.
While EU delegates spoke of achieving the 2C target "if everybody is now ready to overcome the procedural obstacles", developing countries made clear that they viewed the continuing chaos over texts as a matter of principle, not procedure.
And Nauru's president, Marcus Stephen, demanded proper legal negotiations on the lower temperature target.
"The science tells us that we must limit the rise in global temperature to well below 1.5C to preserve the chance of avoiding the worst impacts of climate change.
"To accept anything less would mean the destruction of our marine ecosystems, shortages of food and water, and the relocation of our communities. Please tell me - how is this practical?"
Earlier, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown conceded that a deal might not be achievable here.
But, he added: "If you don't get an agreement this week, people will doubt whether you can get an agreement at all."
Richard.Black-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/8417305.stm
Published: 2009/12/16 21:53:02 GMT
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